中美商品貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)的演變及其原因分析


摘　要

眾所周知，中國是世界上最大的勞動力豐裕國家，勞動力價(jià)格低廉是支撐我國勞動密集型產(chǎn)品價(jià)格在世界商品市場上持續(xù)保持競爭優(yōu)勢的基礎(chǔ)。中美兩國在資源結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)水平的差異，決定了兩國在經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性，這是中美兩國之間發(fā)展雙邊貿(mào)易具備的得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)越條件，也是中美雙邊貿(mào)易迅猛增長的內(nèi)在動力。但是2006年以來國內(nèi)外市場的信息資料不斷顯示，我國的勞動力價(jià)格優(yōu)勢正在逐漸消失,中國的貿(mào)易模式正在發(fā)生重大的變化。
本文分為三部分：利用1979—2008年中美商品貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證改革開放3O年來中美之間各種產(chǎn)品進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的演變，并探討其變化的原因，進(jìn)而為當(dāng)前金融危機(jī)背景下我國外貿(mào)商品結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級提出相關(guān)政策建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，加工貿(mào)易，技術(shù)管制

Abstract

As is known to all, China is the world's largest labor affluent country,The labor price is cheap in price support labor-intensive products in the world market keep competitive advantage. The two countries resource structure, industrial structure and consumption levels, the difference between the two countries in economic decisions on strong complementarity, this is bilateral trade between the two countries has advantaged superior conditions, but also the rapid growth of bilateral trade and intrinsic motivation. But since 2006 market information, China's labor constantly price advantage is gradually disappear, China's trade pattern is undergoing major changes.
This paper is divided into three parts: using the 1979-2008 sino-us trade in goods data validation 30 years reform and opening between China and various products import and export structure evolution, and discuss the reasons for the change of the financial crisis, and under the background of Chinese foreign trade commodity structure optimization and upgrading puts forward relevant policy Suggestions.

Keywords: industrial structure and processing trade, technology
 
目  錄
前　言 1
1中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 2
1.1中美貿(mào)易發(fā)展及貿(mào)易地位的變化 2
1.2中國對美國出口的商品結(jié)構(gòu)及其變化的特點(diǎn) 3
1.2.1各類商品出口金額的變化 3
1.2.2中國對美國各類出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特點(diǎn) 4
1.3中國從美國進(jìn)口的商品結(jié)構(gòu)及其變化的特點(diǎn) 5
1.3.1各類商品進(jìn)口金額的變化 5
1.3.2各類商品在進(jìn)口中所占比例的變化 5
1.3.3中國從美國各類進(jìn)口商品結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特點(diǎn) 6
2中美商品貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)演變的原因 7
2.1我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和升級 7
2.2加工貿(mào)易在中國出口的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品中占主流 8
2.3美國對華出口技術(shù)管制 8
3 發(fā)現(xiàn)及政策建議 10
3.1中美貿(mào)易具有互補(bǔ)性和互利性 10
3.2我國貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展的對策研究 10
3.2.1轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式，調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) 10
3.2.2加快服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展，減少服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差 11
3.2.3調(diào)整外貿(mào)格局，促進(jìn)外貿(mào)市場的多元化、分散化 11
結(jié)  論 12
致  謝 13
參考文獻(xiàn) 14