基于單片機的教室燈光自動控制器的設(shè)計

目　　錄
目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅲ
Abstract．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅳ
第一章 引言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
第二章 系統(tǒng)總體方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2.1 系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計思想．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2.2 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計要點．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2.3 系統(tǒng)控制原理．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3
2.4 系統(tǒng)控制方案分析．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4
第三章 硬件電路設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件總述．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
3.2 控制系統(tǒng)的主要硬件電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
3.2.1 系統(tǒng)主控電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．6
3.2.2 時鐘控制電路DS1302．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
3.2.3 光照信號采集電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
3.2.4 人體信號采集電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．13
3.2.5 1602LCD顯示電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．15
3.2.6 超時報警電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17
3.2.7 輸出控制電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17
3.2.8 電源電路．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18
第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
4.1 時鐘模塊．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
4.2 繼電器控制模塊．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
4.3 手動控制模塊．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22
4.4 超時報警模塊．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22
4.5 主程序設(shè)計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．22
第五章 系統(tǒng)仿真調(diào)試及可靠性技術(shù)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24
5.1 仿真環(huán)境介紹．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24
5.2 仿真調(diào)試．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
5.3 出現(xiàn)的主要問題及分析解決．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
5.4 系統(tǒng)可靠性技術(shù)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．26
第六章 結(jié)論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28
參考文獻(xiàn)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
致謝．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30
附錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．31
 

摘  要
本研究針對教室燈光的控制方法，尤其是教室燈光的智能控制方面的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，分析了教室燈光智能控制的原理和實現(xiàn)方法，提出一種用熱釋電紅外傳感器和光照檢測相結(jié)合的智能照明控制系統(tǒng)。
    本系統(tǒng)以AT89C52單片機作為教室燈光控制器的核心，采用熱釋電紅外人體傳感器檢測人體存在，采用光敏電阻構(gòu)成的電路檢測環(huán)境光的強度，根據(jù)實際條件，系統(tǒng)通過對室內(nèi)是否有人和光線強弱的識別和智能判斷，以完成對教室燈光的智能自動控制，實現(xiàn)教室用電設(shè)備的合理控制和管理，節(jié)約電能以及改善教學(xué)管理。系統(tǒng)還有報警、準(zhǔn)確的時間和日期顯示等功能。
本系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計采用C語言編制，運用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、條理清晰、通用性能良好，便于使用者改進(jìn)和擴充。

關(guān)鍵詞：自動控制，單片機，人體傳感器，熱釋電，光照檢測

Design of Automatic Controller to Classroom Light
Based on Single Chip Computer

Abstract
Currently light intelligent control systems are not efficiently used in the classroom ,In order to improve the system ,based on the theory of the light control and current methods of how to keep control ,a project of intelligent–illuminating control combined pyroelectric infrared transducer with illumination detection is provided .
     This classroom light intelligent control system is developed country ,which machine of AT89C52 is a core part ,and the environment of development is better than before .This system can satisfy the following functions ,such as controlling the circuit of illumination ,testing and processing daylight signal ,testing and processing the signal of human body that illuminates the back track exists ,reporting to the warning devices ,etc. In order to satisfy these functions ,the system adopted the homologous methods respectively ,and to the gearing of the system ,analyzing how to install ,test and run the system .achieve the realization of Colleges and Universities classroom equipment ,the rational use of electricity ,saving energy and improving teaching and learning management purposes .System also has the additional functionality, For example, alarm, accurate shows the time and date.
     This system software was developed based on C language ,Its corporality is very good and easy to improve and expand .It could be used to develop larger-scale system with more prefect performance .

Keywords: Automatic control，Single chip computer，The human body sensors，Heat to release the electricity，Light detection