畢業(yè)論文 家庭用智能防盜報警系統(tǒng)設計

摘 要
隨著信息技術的飛速發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的大幅度提高，人們對住宅的需求已從追求簡單的生存空間向著追求質量、功能、服務等多重需求過渡。同時，隨著人們的保護意識不斷增強，防盜措施的緊迫性也逐漸被提上了日程，防盜報警系統(tǒng)應運而生。
本文設計了住宅智能化中的紅外防盜報警系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)以單片機89C51為核心，配以各種功能模塊，來滿足人們日常生活中的安全需求，本系統(tǒng)采用了熱釋電紅外傳感器，它的制作簡單、成本低，安裝比較方便，抗干擾力強、靈敏度高，而且安裝較隱蔽，不易被發(fā)覺。該系統(tǒng)主要包括紅外探測電路、LCD控制電路、聲光報警電路及單片機控制電路等。自動檢測功能由紅外探測電路實現(xiàn)，當有盜賊穿過此裝置時，紅外傳感器立即將檢測到的信號經(jīng)過信號處理后傳送給主機電路，由主機來判斷信號并驅動電路報警。報警功能由揚聲器、蜂鳴器等發(fā)聲裝置實現(xiàn)，同時通過RS-485通信報警給小區(qū)警衛(wèi)。本設計通過紅外傳感器探測人體紅外線信號，從而達到報警的功能，滿足了人們日常生活對防盜報警功能的需要。

關鍵詞：防盜報警，紅外探測，RS-485通信，聲光報警
 

ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of communication technique and great improvement of people’s living standard, the need has been changed from only the living space to multiform needs of quality, function, service and so on. At the same time, as the increasing of protecting awareness, security measures have gradually been put on the agenda. Anti-theft alarm system came into being.
A kind of intelligent infrared anti-theft alarm system is designed for residential area. In order to meet the security needs of daily life, this system with various function modules cores with microcontroller 89C51. This system used Pyroelectric infrared sensor，it also has some advantages such as easy making, low cost, convenient installation, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, and a more hidden installation and difficult to found. This system includes infrared detecting circuit, LCD control circuit, sound and light alarm circuit and MCU control circuit. Automatic detection can be completed by infrared detecting circuit. When theft is detected, the signal produced by infrared sensor will be transmitted to the signal processing module, and then this circuit sends the signal received to the main circuit which will judge it and drive the alarm module. Alarm function is realized by audible devices such as speaker, buzzer, etc., and it can be transmitted to sub-district guardhouse through RS-485 communications alerting. This system detects the infrared signal of human body by infrared sensor, so it has the alarming function. This system meets the need of anti-theft and alarm in people’s daily live.

KEY WORDS：anti-theft and alarm, infrared detecting, RS-485 communication, sound and light alarm

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 防盜報警系統(tǒng)在國內外的發(fā)展 1
1.3 防盜報警器的發(fā)展前景與趨勢 2
1.4 設計任務與要求 2
第2章 系統(tǒng)方案設計 3
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體設計思路 3
2.2 系統(tǒng)方案設計 3
2.3 傳感器簡介 4
2.3.1 熱釋電紅外傳感器簡介 4
2.3.2 熱釋電紅外傳感器電路圖 5
2.3.3 被動式熱釋電紅外探頭的工作原理及特性 6
2.4 51系列單片機的內部組成 6
2.4.1 89C51單片機的內部組成 7
2.4.2 89C51單片機引腳及功能 8
2.5 RS485接口 10
第3章 硬件設計 12
3.1 電源電路設計 12
3.2 熱釋電紅外傳感器原理 13
3.2.1 傳感器選型 13
3.3 放大電路的設計 13
3.4 紅外探測信號輸入電路 14
3.5 鍵盤電路設計 17
3.6 時鐘電路的設計 17
3.7 復位電路的設計 18
3.8 聲光報警電路的設計 18
3.9 實時時鐘電路 19
3.9.1 實時時鐘芯片DS1302的結構及工作原理 19
3.9.2 引腳功能及結構 19
3.10 液晶顯示模塊設計 20
3.10.1 12864模塊引腳說明 21
3.10.2 接口時序 22
3.11 RS-485 通信的設計 23
3.11.1 RS-485芯片選型 23
3.11.2 MAX485簡介 23
3.11.3 MAX485電路設計 25
第4章 軟件設計 28
4.1 軟件的程序實現(xiàn) 28
4.2 主程序工作流程圖 28
4.2 中斷服務程序工作流程圖 30
4.3 報警電路子程序流程圖 31
4.4 顯示電路子程序流程圖 32
4.5 信號采集電路子程序流程圖 32
第5章 結論與展望 34
致 謝 35
參考文獻 36
附 錄 37
附錄1 硬件原理圖 37
附錄2 主要源程序代碼 39