75th循環(huán)硫化床鍋爐除塵裝置規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要
英國(guó)豎起無(wú)數(shù)冒著黑煙的煙囪標(biāo)志著工業(yè)革命的到來(lái)，當(dāng)時(shí)人們還沉浸在征服自然和創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的喜悅當(dāng)中，工業(yè)革命發(fā)展的一百年中所創(chuàng)造出的價(jià)值比自從人類開(kāi)始勞動(dòng)到工業(yè)革命前所創(chuàng)造出的多的多。但那時(shí)人們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到除了財(cái)富之外從那些煙囪冒出的黑煙帶來(lái)了什么。當(dāng)時(shí)少數(shù)先進(jìn)的資本主義國(guó)家意識(shí)到的時(shí)候他們又開(kāi)始花巨大的代價(jià)開(kāi)始治理這些污染所造成的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，從能源的高效利用到廢氣、廢水、廢渣的凈化等。我國(guó)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家借鑒了歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)避免走先污染后治理的老路，制定了相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)開(kāi)始治理環(huán)境問(wèn)題?！皬U水、廢氣、廢渣”及噪聲對(duì)人類的健康和生活都有著不良的影響。
而對(duì)于一臺(tái)位于市區(qū)的75t/h的循環(huán)流化床鍋爐，應(yīng)選擇合適的高效除塵系統(tǒng)，選擇怎樣的除塵系統(tǒng)，以及合適的設(shè)備型號(hào)，才能保證高效與經(jīng)濟(jì)性兼顧，將是本文研究的重點(diǎn)。由于循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的燃燒特性，它的未燃盡細(xì)粒的排放量很大，參考各種除塵裝置的除塵特性與效率，本文采用了靜電除塵作為本鍋爐的主要除塵系統(tǒng)，將旋風(fēng)除塵裝置作為前置除塵設(shè)備，此外，合理布置鍋爐房及管道，并對(duì)有關(guān)可改進(jìn)的地方加以改進(jìn)，以保證經(jīng)濟(jì)與高效兼顧，本文也將加以嘗試。（適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充 循環(huán)流花床鍋爐選擇靜電除塵的原因）

關(guān)鍵詞:  鍋爐  環(huán)境  除塵器  煙氣量  電除塵設(shè)計(jì)

Abstract
Britain put up countless chimneys black smoke marks the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, when it was still immersed in the conquest of nature and the joy of creation of wealth among a hundred years the development of the industrial revolution to create value in the ratio of labor to the industry since the beginning of mankind before the revolution to create a multi-multi. But then people do not realize that in addition to wealth than the smoke from those chimneys brought about. At that time a small number of advanced capitalist countries began to realize that when they began to take control of these huge costs caused by pollution, environmental problems, from efficient use of energy to waste gas, waste water, waste purification and so on. Being a developing country learn from the experience of history to avoid taking the old path of pollution first, treatment later, formulated relevant laws and regulations began to control environmental problems. "Waste water, waste gas, waste residue," and noise on human.
And in the urban area for a 75t / h coal-fired boilers, should select the appropriate and efficient dust removal system, choose what kind of dust removal system, and the appropriate device models in order to ensure both efficiency and economy, will be the focus of this study .Will be the focus of this study. Since the combustion characteristics of circulating fluidized bed boiler, it does not burn very fine emissions, reference all kinds of dust removal device characteristics and efficiency, we use the electrostatic dust as the main boiler dust removal system, In addition, the rational arrangement of boiler room and piping, and related areas of improvement to be improved in order to ensure economy and efficiency into account, this paper will try it out.

Key word: Boiler  Environment  Dust collector  Smoke  ESP Design

 
目錄
1 前言 1
2 燃煤鍋爐與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系 1
2.1燃煤鍋爐 1
2.2 燃煤鍋爐對(duì)環(huán)境的影響 2
2.3 環(huán)境保護(hù) 3
3 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐與除塵裝置的確定 3
3.1 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐 4
3.2旋風(fēng)分離器 5
3.3 布袋除塵技術(shù) 6
3.4水膜除塵器 7
3.5 靜電除塵 8
3.6 袋式除塵器與電除塵器比較和存在的問(wèn)題 10
3.6.1 經(jīng)濟(jì)比較 10
3.6.2  電除塵器與袋除塵器存在的問(wèn)題 11
3.7除塵裝置的選擇與設(shè)置 12
4 相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的確定 12
4.1  q3的選取 13
4.2  q4的選取 14
4.3  煙塵容許排放濃度的確定 15
4.3.1  主題內(nèi)容與適用范圍 15
4.3.2  引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 15
4.3.3  定義 15
        4.3.3.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)： 15
        4.3.3.2 煙塵初始排放濃度： 15
        4.3.3.3 煙塵排放濃度： 16
        4.3.3.4 自然通風(fēng)鍋爐： 16
        4.3.3.5 收到基灰分： 16
        4.3.3.6 過(guò)量空氣系數(shù)： 16
4.4  技術(shù)內(nèi)容 16
    4.4.1 適用區(qū)域劃分類別 16
    4.4.2 年限劃分 16
    4.4.4 鍋爐二氧化硫和氮氧化物最高允許排放濃度 16
    4.4.5 燃煤鍋爐煙塵初始排放濃度和煙氣黑度限值 17
    4.4.6 其他規(guī)定 17
4.5  監(jiān)測(cè) 17
5 計(jì)算空氣量和煙氣量 20
5.1 空氣量的計(jì)算 20
5.2 煙氣量的計(jì)算 21
6 對(duì)靜電除塵裝置進(jìn)行初步設(shè)計(jì) 22
6.1電除塵器的結(jié)構(gòu) 22
6.2確定比集塵表面積，確定內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 22
6.2．1  比集塵表面積的計(jì)算 22
6.2．2  確定內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 24
6.3  確定外形尺寸，確定氣流速度，計(jì)算或核算流動(dòng)阻力 27
6.3.1 確定長(zhǎng)高比，計(jì)算外形尺寸 27
6.3．2電除塵器的流動(dòng)阻力 30
6.4 核算靜電除塵裝置漏風(fēng)率及主要支撐件的強(qiáng)度 30
6.5 整流裝置、保溫等輔助設(shè)計(jì) 31
6.5.1 整流裝置設(shè)計(jì) 31
6.5.2 保溫裝置的設(shè)計(jì) 32
7 本系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)與展望 33
7.1 加裝陰極防風(fēng)板， 33
7.2截流墻 34
7.3 電暈極 34
8 總結(jié) 34
致    謝 35
參考文獻(xiàn) 36