抽油機(jī)在機(jī)械采油設(shè)備應(yīng)用論文


摘  要
機(jī)械采油設(shè)備是油田的主要耗能設(shè)備，而機(jī)械采油設(shè)備中的抽油機(jī)占90%左右,因此抽油機(jī)能耗的高低對油田節(jié)能降耗影響甚大。針對目前抽油機(jī)存在平衡效果差，裝機(jī)功率過高，效率低這一問題，設(shè)計(jì)一種游梁隨動游梁平衡抽油機(jī)，以達(dá)到減小減速箱曲柄軸峰值扭矩，降低能耗，節(jié)約運(yùn)行成本的目的，提高抽油機(jī)地面效率。
游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)是：在游梁上安裝一個滑塊,該滑塊通過副連桿與抽油機(jī)的連桿相連,在游梁抽油機(jī)的后部加一個類似與變矩平衡裝置的滑軌,在滑軌上安裝平衡塊。在游梁的末端安裝一個支架上面放置滑輪，鋼絲繩繞在滑輪上將滑塊和平衡塊相連。通過在下沖程過程中，調(diào)節(jié)力臂的大小，同時(shí)游梁上的平衡塊上升，儲存一定的位能，避免了對電動機(jī)做負(fù)功。在上沖程過程中，調(diào)節(jié)力臂的大小，同時(shí)將下沖程儲存的位能釋放，用來提升抽油桿和油柱。實(shí)現(xiàn)上下沖程運(yùn)動的平衡。該設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，而且可靠性強(qiáng)。便于加工和維修。
本文對新型6型抽油機(jī)驢頭懸點(diǎn)運(yùn)動規(guī)律進(jìn)行精確分析，通過懸點(diǎn)沖程長度，計(jì)算四連桿尺寸，并著重對減速箱曲柄軸扭矩進(jìn)行計(jì)算，編寫了相應(yīng)的計(jì)算程序，將不同尺寸時(shí)四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)得到的扭矩曲線進(jìn)行比較，選擇扭矩曲線比較平穩(wěn)，峰值小且無負(fù)扭矩的一組作為設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，對主要零部件進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，力學(xué)分析計(jì)算及強(qiáng)度校核。

關(guān)鍵詞：抽油機(jī)；新型結(jié)構(gòu)；設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特；扭矩曲線

 
Abstract
Machinery oilfield production equipment is the main energy-consuming equipment, machinery and equipment of oil pumping unit represented 90% Pumping energy therefore the level of energy consumption oilfield great impact. Pumping light of the present balance exists poor results, high power generators, low efficiency of this problem, the design of a beam with the dynamic balance beam pumps to reduce the crank shaft gear box peak torque, lower energy consumption, saving the purpose of operating costs, improve efficiency Pumping ground.
Balance beam pumping unit design features are : You beam installed a slider, Slide the stick through the pumping unit and the connecting rod connected, beam pumping unit in the rear plus a similar change with the moment balance device slide, slide block installed on balance. The beam at the end of the installation of a pulley, the pulley rope around the slider and the balance will be connected to the block. Through the course of the next stroke, regulating the size of the arm, while the balance beam You block up, a potential energy storage, the right to avoid negative electrical work done. Stroke in the process, regulating the size of the arm, while under-stroke stored potential energy release, rod and used to enhance oil column. Upper-stroke movement balance. The design of simple structure, and reliability. Facilitate the processing and maintenance.
For the new six-horse head pumping unit head movement for accurate analysis of the law, through the rod stroke length, the four-bar linkage estimated size, and stresses the right gear box crank shaft torque, the preparation of the corresponding computer program, right under four different sizes and link donkey head, box beam deceleration has been the weight of the torque curve, the choice of torque curve relatively stable, There is no small peak torque of a negative group as design parameters, the main components of the structural design, mechanical analysis and strength check.

Key  words : Pumping unit; New Structure; Unique design; Torque curve
 
目  錄
第1章  緒　論 1
第2章  6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)總體方案確定及基本理論 4
2.1 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 4
2.2 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)運(yùn)動分析 6
2.3 6型游梁隨動平衡四桿機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸計(jì)算 10
2.4 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)懸點(diǎn)載荷計(jì)算 11
2.5 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)減速箱及曲柄扭矩計(jì)算 22
2.6 新型6型抽油機(jī)減速箱的選擇及電動機(jī)功率的計(jì)算方法 24
第3章  6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)強(qiáng)度校核 27
3.1 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)所受外力 27
3.2 6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)零件強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 28
第4章　6型游梁隨動平衡抽油機(jī)與常規(guī)6型抽油機(jī)進(jìn)行比較 32
4.1 扭矩曲線及計(jì)算結(jié)果 32
4.2 周期載荷系數(shù)CLF 33
結(jié)  論 34
參考文獻(xiàn) 35
致  謝 36
附　錄 37