基于單片機(jī)的水位測(cè)量計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)【電子專業(yè) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)】

摘   要
隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，水位測(cè)量計(jì)已經(jīng)從普通型對(duì)講發(fā)展到智能化，而且水位測(cè)量計(jì)的功能日益趨向于完善，然而水位測(cè)量計(jì)的許多相關(guān)理論與技術(shù)仍在不斷發(fā)展。
水位測(cè)量計(jì)是近年來開發(fā)的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，它是傳感器、硬件、軟件等幾項(xiàng)技術(shù)緊密結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，作為鍋爐控制裝置，其主要任務(wù)是保證水罐的安全、穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行，減輕工作人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。采用單片機(jī)，能對(duì)鍋爐進(jìn)行自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、自動(dòng)控制等多項(xiàng)功能。由于我國水位測(cè)量操作水平落后，工作人員過多，但是現(xiàn)在水位測(cè)量計(jì)為水位控制開辟了廣闊的前景。
    水位測(cè)量計(jì)，它的作用是觀測(cè)和控制容器內(nèi)的介質(zhì)多少量，通過液面的高度來掌握體積的多少，從而達(dá)到防止超裝和掌握存液數(shù)量的目的。對(duì)水位測(cè)量計(jì)研究，有利于滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的物質(zhì)需求，通過將科學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用到水位控制上從而使得人們真正體會(huì)到科技的發(fā)展給自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活所帶來的方便和舒適。

關(guān)鍵詞：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)   水位   傳感器

Abstract：
Along with the computer technology and Modern Communication Technology's rapidly expand, the water level survey meter already to said from the popular type develops the intellectualization, moreover the water level survey meter's function tends to day by day the consummation, however water level survey meter's many correlation theories and the technology unceasingly were still developing.
The water level survey meter is a new technology which the recent years developed, it was the sensor, the hardware, the software and so on several technical close union product, as the boiler control installment, its primary mission was guaranteed that watering can's security, stable, economical movement, reduced staff's labor intensity. Uses the monolithic integrated circuit, can carry on the automatic detection, the automatic control to the boiler and so on many functions. Because our country water level survey operational level is backward, the staff are excessively many, but the present water level survey meter opened the broad prospect for the water monitor.
 The water level survey meter, its function is in the observation and the control vessel's medium are much few, grasps the volume highly through the liquid level how many, thus achieves prevents the ultra attire and grasps saves the fluid quantity the goal. To the water level survey meter research, is advantageous satisfies the material needs which the people grow day by day, through applies the science and technology in the water monitor, thus causes the people to realize truly the science and technology the development convenient which and the comfort brings for own real life.

Keywords:Monolithic integrated circuit    Water level    Sensor

目  錄
1  引言 1
1.1 選題的目的意義 1
1.2 應(yīng)解決的主要問題 1
1.3 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 1
2  設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定 3
3  硬件設(shè)計(jì) 5
3.1 傳感器的選擇 5
3.1.1 傳感器的概述 5
3.1.2 傳感器類別的選擇 6
3.1.3 傳感器型號(hào)的選擇 8
3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的選擇 11
3.2.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) 11
3.2.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的類別的選擇 12
3.2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器型號(hào)的選擇 13
3.2.4 ADC0809芯片的引腳功能 15
3.3 單片機(jī)選擇 19
3.3.1 單片機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)介 19
3.3.2 8051芯片引腳 20
3.3.3 存儲(chǔ)器 22
3.4 復(fù)位電路和時(shí)鐘電路的設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.4.1 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.4.2 時(shí)鐘電路選擇 25
3.5 報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì) 26
3.6 控制電路的設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.7 鍵盤顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.7.1 鍵盤電路簡(jiǎn)介 27
3.7.2 鍵盤電路的分類 28
3.7.3 8155的結(jié)構(gòu)與引腳 29
3.7.4 矩陣式鍵盤電路簡(jiǎn)介 30
3.8 顯示電路設(shè)計(jì) 31
3.8.1 顯示器件的選擇 31
3.8.2 驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片的選擇 31
3.8.3 MC14499芯片簡(jiǎn)介 32
3.8.4 LED驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片MC14499 34
3.9 集成穩(wěn)壓器電路 35
3.9.1 集成穩(wěn)壓器電路簡(jiǎn)介 35
3.9.2 W7805芯片簡(jiǎn)介 35
3.10 電源監(jiān)控器件 36
4  軟件設(shè)計(jì) 38
4.1 程序模塊 38
4.2 程序流程圖 38
4.2.1 主程序流程圖 38
4.2.2 A/D0809轉(zhuǎn)換程序流程 39
4.2.3 鍵盤掃描子程序 39
4.2.4 鍵盤顯示子程序的設(shè)計(jì) 41
總結(jié) 42
參考文獻(xiàn) 43
致    謝 44
附錄A 45
附錄B 46