用聲波幅度來確定產(chǎn)液的油水含油率（電子工程系畢業(yè)論文，共32頁）
目錄
摘要 2
ABSTRACT 3
前言 4
第一章 緒論 5
1.1 聲波測井技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
1.2 早期測量油井含水率主要方法 5
1.3 聲波測井技術(shù)在油井測量中遇到的問題 6
1.4 未來測井的發(fā)展方向 6
第二章 力學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分析與計算 6
2.1換能器的位移方程 6
2.2 換能器所受力對位移矢量的影響 7
2.2.1 薄圓環(huán)換能器所受力對質(zhì)點運動的影響 7
2.2.2 求解壓電換能器發(fā)出的聲場對壓電換能器的反作用 9
第三章 換能器電學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分析與計算 9
3.1 薄圓環(huán)壓電換能器的物理效應(yīng) 9
3.2 換能器機電等效圖分析 10
第四章 脈沖信號的聲源沖擊響應(yīng)和電-聲傳輸函數(shù) 12
4.1 激勵電壓為脈沖信號 12
4.2 接收器聲-電沖擊響應(yīng)和聲-電傳輸函數(shù) 15
第五章 液體和固體中平面波的反射系數(shù) 18
5.1 液-固界面的聲波傳播 18
5.2 滑行波作為首波接受的條件 19
5.3 求解液-固界面的反射系數(shù) 20
第六章 利用反射系數(shù)求油井的含油率 23
6.1 求解當(dāng)接收器首先接收到反射波的臨界角 24
6.2 求解液-固界面的反射系數(shù) 24
結(jié)論 29
致謝 30
參考文獻 31
摘要
石油產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的初期的油井一般都是垂直井，在油井內(nèi)近似認為是油和水的混合液，我們可以用電容法含水率來測井，它是一種測量井內(nèi)流體持水率的重要方法，利用油氣同水的介電特性差異測定水的含量。而隨著油井的不斷開采，出現(xiàn)越來越多的水平井，電容法測量會出現(xiàn)很大的誤差。聲波測井的應(yīng)用，使得誤差得到減小，薄圓環(huán)壓電陶瓷的換能器是近年發(fā)展起來的新型換能器件,它具有體積小、重量輕、精度和分辨率高、頻響高等優(yōu)點,在垂直井中得到了很好的應(yīng)用。
分析了聲波測井油井中薄圓環(huán)壓電換能器的暫態(tài)響應(yīng), 研究并建立了其等效電路, 并且求出了電驅(qū)動信號與換能器的瞬時運動之間的傳輸函數(shù)。利用留數(shù)定理, 可以對任何電驅(qū)動信號, 解析地求出換能器的運動在時域與頻域的暫態(tài)函數(shù)。推導(dǎo)出液-固界面的反射系數(shù)，當(dāng)換能器處于不同的介質(zhì)時，反射系數(shù)是不同的，因此建立起反射系數(shù)與油井含油率的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。這樣就很容易的利用薄圓環(huán)換能器測得水平井換能器所在位置的含油率。
關(guān)鍵詞: 聲波測井，壓電換能器，傳輸函數(shù)，反射系數(shù)
ABSTRACT
Oil industry development, the original Wells early commonly in oil Wells is vertical Wells, that is within approximation of oil and water mixture, we can use capacitive moisture content to logging, it is a kind of measurement in well hold water rate of fluid important method, using the dielectric properties with water oil determination of water content of differences. With the continuous mining Wells, appear more and more horizontal well, capacitive measurement may appear in large error. Acoustic logging application, make errors, thin rings have reduced the piezoelectric transducers is developed in recent years of new transducer parts, it has small volume, light weight, precision and high resolution, the advantages of high frequency response in vertical Wells, get a good application.
This paper analyses the transient response of thin shell transducer, develops its equivalent circuit and determines the relation between an electric-driving signal and a radiated acoustic signal. By using the residue principle, the transient function s of the temporal and frequency domains for the transducer are determined analytically for any electrical-driving signal. Deduces liquid-solid interface of reflection coefficient, when in different medium transducer, reflection coefficient is different, so set up reflection coefficient and the corresponding relations opu oil Wells. This is easy to utilize thin rings transducer horizontal location measurement transducer the opu.
Key word: sonic-logging, piezoelectric-transducer, transient function, reflection coefficient