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摘要 本文運(yùn)用熔體原位反應(yīng)技術(shù)制備Al2O3顆粒增強(qiáng)6063AL復(fù)合材料，利用金相顯微鏡、X射線衍射物相分析、掃描電子顯微鏡和能譜分析，觀察該復(fù)合材料的微觀組織、相組成和內(nèi)生顆粒的形貌、尺寸及分布特征。控制熔體溫度為850℃，反應(yīng)物為氟鋯酸鉀（K2ZrF6）、硼砂（Na2B4O7•10H2O）、6063AL，反應(yīng)10分鐘并攪拌5分鐘，再進(jìn)行精煉扒渣，在720℃時澆筑成復(fù)合材料鑄錠。通過顆粒質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的復(fù)合材料在X射線衍射圖，得知通過6063Al-K2ZrF6-Na2B4O7反應(yīng)體系可于鋁熔體內(nèi)生成原位Al2O3增強(qiáng)顆粒。

改變反應(yīng)時間的實驗結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)反應(yīng)時間為5min時，反應(yīng)并不充分，體系內(nèi)存在大量夾雜物質(zhì)。當(dāng)反應(yīng)時間為10min時，Al2O3顆粒生成量增多，同時反應(yīng)物質(zhì)和雜質(zhì)減少。當(dāng)反應(yīng)時間為15min時，反應(yīng)生成的Al2O3顆粒數(shù)量繼續(xù)增加，但是顆粒尺寸有趨向長大和團(tuán)聚的趨勢。

研究復(fù)合材料的再結(jié)晶退火，通過分析不同熱處理條件下（450°C、520°C、590°C再結(jié)晶退火2min、5min）復(fù)合材料的微觀組織，得到復(fù)合材料在熱處理過程中組織演變的規(guī)律。

關(guān)鍵詞：原位反應(yīng)，Al2O3/6063AL，再結(jié)晶退火

 

Optimum design of chemical composition and performance relationship of Al2O3p/6063 by using a melt-situ reaction

Abstract Al2O3/6063AL is prepared by using a melt-situ reaction technique and is studied in its chemical composition and performance relationship optimization.Using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction phase analysis (XRD)Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy (EDS),study the microstructure of the composite material,phase composition and morphology of the endogenous particles,the size and distribution of the test room temperature composite materials,high temperature tensile properties.Control melt temperature of 850 ℃, reactant is potassium fluorozirconate (K2ZrF6), borax (Na2B4O7•10H2O), 6063AL, 10 minutes and stirred for 5 minutes, then refining slag pouring into composites at 720 ℃ ingot. By particle mass fraction of 3% of the composite material in X-ray diffraction pattern, that by 6063Al-K2ZrF6-Na2B4O7 reaction system to generate in situ Al2O3 particles reinforced aluminum melt .

    Experimental results show that the change in reaction time, when the reaction time is 5min, the reaction is not sufficient, the system memory in a large number of mixed material. When the reaction time was 10min when, Al2O3 particles increased generating capacity, while the reaction mass and reduce impurities. When the reaction time was 15min, the number of reaction of Al2O3 particles continue to increase, but the particle sizes tend to grow up and reunite trend.

    Composites recrystallization annealing by heat treatment under different conditions (450 ℃, 520℃, 590℃, recrystallization annealing 2min, 5min) composite microstructure give law Composites Evolution during heat treatment .

Keywords in-situ reaction,Al2O3/6063AL,recrystallization annealing

 

第一章 緒論

1.1選題的意義

    隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，材料的性能要求越來越高。可以預(yù)見，新的金屬材料的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用將成為金屬材料行業(yè)的21世紀(jì)的重要特征之一[1]。其中適應(yīng)特殊條件的復(fù)合材料，是未來發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)。

    材料的比剛度和比強(qiáng)度更高，材料的耐熱性和耐磨損性越好，應(yīng)用范圍就越廣泛，且該使用壽命更長。鋁基復(fù)合材料，由于其比強(qiáng)度高，模量高，耐磨性好等優(yōu)異的性能，作為一種新型高性能結(jié)構(gòu)材料，在航空、航天等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用[2-4]。目前，基于鋁的復(fù)合材料已被用于在民用高溫部件來代替鋼、鈦等傳統(tǒng)金屬材料。

原位顆粒增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合增強(qiáng)體是由在基體內(nèi)部直接成核和生長的熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定相，與外部增強(qiáng)相比較，具有粒徑小，沒有污染顆粒表面干凈，且界面相容性好，高溫服務(wù)條件下具有更大的優(yōu)勢[5-7]。例如，林雪冬[8]通過離心鑄造方法來制備的初晶Si/Mg2Si顆粒增強(qiáng)A1-Si-Mg復(fù)合材料。實驗測量氣缸的溫度明顯降低，提高了基體的傳熱性能。復(fù)合加工成水冷發(fā)動機(jī)鋁合金缸體和安裝在長安集團(tuán)“鐳蒙”牌面包車，圓滿完成了最初的3萬公里，目前運(yùn)行良好。由于原位顆粒增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料