長江流域水位監(jiān)測流量【外文翻譯】

包括英文原文和中文翻譯


英文原文及翻譯

Observed trends of annual maximum water level and streamflow during past 130 years in the Yangtze River basin China

Abstract
Annual maximum streamflow and annual maximum water level and their variations exert most serious influences on human society. In this paper temporal trends and frequency changes at three major stations of Yangtze River i.e. Yichang Hankou andDatong representing upper middle and lower reaches respectively were detected with the help of parametric t-test Mann–Kendall (MK) analysis and wavelet transform methods. The results show that: (1) there is a significant upward trend instreamflow at middle Yangtze River indicating that flood hazard in the middle reach of the river the flood rich region will bemore serious; (2) there is a consistent increase of water level from upper to lower reaches of the river which does not alwayscoincide with the maximum streamflow variations; and (3) the periods of water level changes are decreasing over timeindicating the increasing occurrence frequency of annual maximum water level over time. This phenomenon is more obviousfrom upper Yangtze River to the lower Yangtze River. Human activities like destruction of vegetation land reclamation and construction of levees reduced lake sizes and filled up the river bed reducing the flood storage capacity of lakes and fluvial channel. These factors led to higher water level even some times the streamflow is small. Human should adjust his activity to
enhance his adaptive capacity to flood hazard in the future.q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.



長江流域在過去130多年的所觀察到年度最高水位和流量的趨勢
摘 要
每年最大流量和最高水位及其變化嚴重影響著人類社會。本文中，分析了長江上分別代表著上，中，下游河段的三個主要測站----宜昌，漢口，大同站的時間和頻率的變化趨勢，分別借助于參數(shù)t -檢驗方法，以及Mann–Kendal分析方法和微波變換方法。結(jié)果表明
（1）在長江中游地區(qū)流量有明顯的上升趨勢，表明洪澇災(zāi)害在河流的中段，洪水豐富地區(qū)，將會是更嚴重的；（2）有一個不能夠和最大流量變化保持一致的河流從上游到下游的水位持續(xù)的增長。（3）期水位隨著時間的推移越來越低，表明隨著時間的推移出現(xiàn)年最高水位的頻率越來越大。這種現(xiàn)象從長江上游到長江中下游更為明顯。人類活動如破壞植被，土地復墾和堤防建設(shè)減少湖泊的規(guī)模及降低填補了河床能力，減少了湖泊和河流渠道蓄洪能力。這些因素導致了水位越來越高甚至有些時候流量竟然很小。人類應(yīng)該改變他們的活動去提高他們在將來適應(yīng)洪澇災(zāi)害的能力。
引言
由于人類引發(fā)的“溫室效應(yīng)”導致的全球氣候變暖將導致時空分布的區(qū)域水資源和全球水循環(huán)發(fā)生變化. 越來越多的研究人員關(guān)心分水嶺流量的趨勢以及探討他們與全球氣候變異和變化并與人類活動的關(guān)系。已經(jīng)制定的不同的結(jié)論反映了區(qū)域和全球氣候以及水文制度的巨大的多樣性。。。