摘  要

    近幾年來，資源三號衛(wèi)星，無人機遙感等高精度測量手段在流域的監(jiān)測一方面給流域基礎數(shù)據(jù)的獲取帶來新的方向，同時也給流域水文過程模擬的發(fā)展帶來新的突破，同時對水文尺度的研究也帶來了新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。長期以來，尺度問題一直是困擾水文學及地理學研究的熱點及基礎性問題。地理學中的空間尺度問題及水文學自身復雜的尺度問題一直都限制著水文學的發(fā)展。在水文模擬過程中，河流水系，土地利用覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)以及DEM數(shù)據(jù)是水文過程產生的基礎，對水文模擬過程有著重要的影響，本研究的目的則是探尋不同尺度的河流水系數(shù)據(jù)、LUCC數(shù)據(jù)以及DEM數(shù)據(jù)在水文模擬過程的不同影響。在總結和分析地理學及水文科學中尺度問題研究的尺度效應，尺度轉換以及應用的基礎上，本研究基于高精度激光雷達點云數(shù)據(jù)、資源三號衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)以及無人機遙感數(shù)據(jù)，獲取多精度的河流水系、LUCC及DEM數(shù)據(jù)，基于SWAT水文建模進行流域多尺度水文模擬的對比分析，尋找多尺度數(shù)據(jù)在流域過程模擬的意義，試圖為小流域山洪災害尋求最佳的尺度信息。本研究期望將地理學的尺度應用與水文模型緊密結合，為全國山洪災害防治項目提供基礎信息最佳尺度選擇的決策支持，提高小流域山洪災害預報精度，減少損失。

關鍵詞： 激光雷達DEM，尺度，LUCC，SWAT,山洪災害分析

ABSTRACT

  In recent years, the resources satellite no. 3, high precision measurement means such as uav remote sensing in monitoring on the one hand, to bring new direction of watershed based data acquisition, but also bring new breakthrough to the development of watershed hydrological process simulation, the study of hydrological scale also brings new opportunities and challenges. Has always been a big problem for a long time, scale of hydrology and geography research hot spot and the fundamental problem. In the geography space scale and the scale of the hydrology own complex problems always limits the development of hydrology. In the process of hydrological simulation, river system, land use cover data and DEM data is the basis of hydrological processes, has an important impact on hydrology simulation process, the purpose of this study is to explore the different scales of river system data, LUCC data and DEM data in different influence of the hydrological process simulation. In summary and analysis of the geography and the effect of the scale of the problem of mesoscale hydrological science research, scale transformation and application, on the basis of this study is based on high precision laser radar point cloud data, three satellite data resources and unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) remote sensing data, to obtain more accuracy of river system, LUCC and DEM data, based on the multi-scale hydrological SWAT hydrological model for watershed simulation contrast analysis, looking for the meaning of the multi-scale data in the process of basin simulation, trying to seek the best for mountain flood disaster of small watershed scale information. This research expects the application of the scale of geography closely integrated with the hydrological model, mountain torrent disaster prevention and control program to provide basic information for the optimal scale selection decision support, improve the forecast accuracy of mountain torrent disaster of small watershed, reduce the loss. 

Key words: sediment；rigid vegetation；settling velocity；turb