基于AT89C51單片機(jī)的數(shù)字鐘設(shè)計(jì)

 摘要

當(dāng)前溫度和時(shí)間的現(xiàn)場采集和顯示系統(tǒng)已有廣泛的使用，所以電子鐘的應(yīng)用范圍非常的廣，比如家里，公共場所還有一些特定的地方，如在電力，工業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域也有很多應(yīng)用。
本次設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字鐘主要實(shí)現(xiàn)可以正確的顯示時(shí)間／日歷，以及對環(huán)境溫度的測量，并帶有按鍵調(diào)整時(shí)間／日歷，和溫度報(bào)警和定時(shí)鬧鐘功能。
本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是以采用AT89C51單片機(jī)為核心，通過使用時(shí)鐘芯片DS1302來實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)鐘和日歷的功能，同時(shí)利用DS18B20數(shù)字溫度傳感器來測量環(huán)境溫度，最后通過LCD1602液晶顯示器來把這些數(shù)據(jù)顯示出來，同時(shí)利用按鍵來實(shí)現(xiàn)鬧鐘
和數(shù)據(jù)的修改的功能以及溫度的報(bào)警。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)理念帶來了許多好處，電路設(shè)計(jì)簡單化，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，時(shí)間和溫度的精度高，數(shù)據(jù)清晰度高，而且提供了良好的人機(jī)界面。
實(shí)踐證明該系統(tǒng)的可靠性高，操作簡單，除了可以應(yīng)用在一般的生活和工作中，同時(shí)也可在電力﹑化工等領(lǐng)域使用。

關(guān)鍵字：AT89C51；DS1302；DS18B20；LCD1602；按鍵控制；

   ABSTRACT

   The current temperature and time of site acquisition and display systems had been widely used, so the electronic clock of the wide range of applications, like household, public places there are some specific places, such as in power, industry, agriculture and other fields have many applications .
   The main realization of the designed digital clock display correctly time / calendar, and the environmental temperature measurement, and with a key to adjust the time / calendar, alarm and temperature alarm and timer function.
   The graduation project is using AT89C51 microcontroller as the core, by using the clock chip DS1302 to achieve the clock and calendar functions, while using DS18B20 digital temperature sensor to measure ambient temperature, and finally through the LCD1602 LCD monitor to bring the data displayed ,at the same time using keys is achieving the alarm clock and data modification function and temperature alarm. This design has brought many benefits, simplified circuit design, anti-interference ability, time and temperature with high accuracy, high resolution data, but also provide a good user interface.
   The system proved reliable, simple operation, which can be used in the general life and work, but also in the areas of electrical, chemical use.

 Key words : AT89C51；DS1302；DS18B20；LCD1602；Key Control；

                                  目錄
摘要................................................................1
ABSTRACT............................................................2
第一章 引言.........................................................5
1.1 數(shù)字鐘研究的背景和意義......................................5
1.2 數(shù)字鐘的功能................................................5
第二章 數(shù)字鐘的設(shè)計(jì)方案.............................................6
    2.1 單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案..............................................6
第三章 基于單片機(jī)的數(shù)字鐘的硬件設(shè)計(jì).................................7
    3.1 核心部件的介紹..............................................7
        3.1.1 AT89C51單片機(jī)介紹.....................................7
        3.1.2 DS1302時(shí)鐘芯片介紹....................................8
              3.1.2.1 DS1302時(shí)鐘芯片簡介............................8
              3.1.2.2 DS1302時(shí)鐘芯片引腳說明........................8
              3.1.2.3 DS1302片內(nèi)寄存器..............................9
              3.1.2.4 DS1302控制字和時(shí)序讀寫說明...................11
        3.1.3 DS18B20溫度傳感器介紹................................12
              3.1.3.1 DS18B20溫度傳感器簡介和引腳說明..............12
              3.1.3.2 DS18B20溫度傳感器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)....................13
              3.1.3.3 DS18B20數(shù)據(jù)處理..............................14
              3.1.3.4 DS18B20控制命令和讀寫時(shí)序...................14
        3.1.4 LCD1602液晶顯示模塊介紹..............................15
              3.1.4.1 LCD1602液晶顯示模塊簡介......................15
              3.1.4.2 LCD1602基本參數(shù)和引腳說明....................16
              3.1.4.3 LCD1602指令說明和讀寫時(shí)序....................18
              3.1.4.4 LCD1602RAM地址映射和以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫表.............20
第四章 數(shù)字鐘硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)..........................................21
    4.1 時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì)..............................................21
    4.2 溫度采集電路設(shè)計(jì).........................................
    4.3 數(shù)據(jù)顯示電路設(shè)計(jì).........................................
    4.4 按鍵設(shè)置電路設(shè)計(jì).........................................
    4.5 鬧鐘和報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)......................................
第五章 數(shù)字鐘的軟件設(shè)計(jì)..........................................
    5.1 主程序設(shè)計(jì)......................................
    5.2 子程序設(shè)計(jì)......................................
        5.2.1 按鍵掃描子程序......................................
        5.2.2 時(shí)鐘日歷子程序......................................
        5.2.3 溫度數(shù)據(jù)采集子程序.................................
        5.2.4 顯示子程序..................................
第六章 軟件調(diào)試.................................................
    6.1 時(shí)鐘日歷程序調(diào)試
    6.2 溫度數(shù)據(jù)采集程序調(diào)試