基于單片機(jī)的智能壓力檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)


摘要
壓力是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中的重要參數(shù)之一。壓力的檢測(cè)或控制是保證生產(chǎn)和設(shè)備安全運(yùn)行必不可少的條件。實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化壓力檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)工業(yè)過程的控制具有非常重要的意義。本設(shè)計(jì)主要通過單片機(jī)及專用芯片對(duì)傳感器所測(cè)得的模擬信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理,使其完成智能化功能。介紹了智能壓力傳感器外圍電路的硬件設(shè)計(jì),并根據(jù)硬件進(jìn)行了軟件編程。
本次設(shè)計(jì)是基于AT89C51單片機(jī)的測(cè)量與顯示。是通過壓力傳感器將壓力轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)，再經(jīng)過運(yùn)算放大器進(jìn)行信號(hào)放大，送至8位A／D轉(zhuǎn)換器，然后將模擬信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成單片機(jī)可以識(shí)別的數(shù)字信號(hào)，再經(jīng)單片機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換成LED顯示器可以識(shí)別的信息，最后顯示輸出。而在顯示的過程中通過鍵盤，向計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)輸入各種數(shù)據(jù)和命令，讓單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)處于預(yù)定的功能狀態(tài)，顯示需要的值。
本設(shè)計(jì)的最終結(jié)果是，將軟件下載到硬件上調(diào)試出來了需要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)輸入的模擬信號(hào)發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候，通過A/D轉(zhuǎn)換后，LED將顯示不同的數(shù)值。

關(guān)鍵詞: 壓力；AT89C51單片機(jī)；壓力傳感器；A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器；LED顯示；
 
Design of pressure detecting system based on single-chip
Abstract
Pressure is one of the important parameters in the process of industrial production. Pressure detection or control is an essential condition to ensure production and the equipment to safely operating, which is of great significance. The single-chip is infiltrating into all fields of our lives, so it is very difficult to find the area in which there is no traces of single-chip microcomputer. In this graduation design, primarily through by using single-chip and dedicated chip, handling of analog signal measured by the sensor to complete intelligent function. This design illustrates external hardware circuit design of intelligent pressure sensor, and conduct software development to the hardware.
The design is based on measurement and display of AT89C51 single-chip. This
is the pressure sensors will convert the pressure into electrical signals. After using operational amplifier, the signal is amplified, and transferred to the 8-bit A/D converter. Then the analog signal is converted into digital signals which can be identified by single-chip and then converted by single-chip into the information which can be displayed on LED monitor, and finally display output. In the course of show, through the keyboard to input all kinds of data and commands into the computer, the single-chip will locate in a predetermined function step to display required values.
The end result of this design is that by downloading software to the hardware, it will get the data which is required to display by debugging. When the input analog signals change, the LED monitor will display different values through the A/D converting.

Key words: pressure; AT89C51 single-chip; pressure sensor; A/D converter; LED monitor;

目錄
摘要.............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..II
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 基于單片機(jī)的智能壓力檢測(cè)的原理 2
1.2.1 壓力的概念 2
1.2.2 測(cè)量壓力的意義 3
第二章  基于單片機(jī)的智能壓力檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………….4
2.1 壓力傳感器 4
2.1.1 壓力傳感器的選擇 4
2.1.2金屬電阻應(yīng)變片的工作原理 4
2.1.3　電阻應(yīng)變片的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6
2.1.4 電阻應(yīng)變片的測(cè)量電路 6
2.2 信號(hào)放大電路 8
2.1.2 放大器的選擇 8
2.2.4 三運(yùn)放大電路 9
2.3 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 10
2.3.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊器件選擇 10
2.3.2 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的簡(jiǎn)介 10
2.3.3 配置位說明 11
2.3.4 ADC0832工作時(shí)序圖 12
2.3.3 單片機(jī)對(duì)ADC0832的控制原理 13
2.4 單片機(jī) 14
2.4.1 AT89C51單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 14
2.4.2主要特性…. 15
2.4.3 管腳說明 15
2.4.5 芯片擦除 17
2.5 單片機(jī)于鍵盤的接口技術(shù) 18
2.5.1 鍵盤功能及結(jié)構(gòu)概述 18
2.5.2 鍵盤抖動(dòng)及去除 18
2.5.3 單片機(jī)與鍵盤的連接 19
2.6  LED顯示接口 21
2.6.1發(fā)光二極管及LED顯示器 21
2.6.2七段數(shù)碼顯示器 22
2.6.3 LED數(shù)碼管靜態(tài)顯示接口 24
第三章 軟件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………….26
3.1 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 26
3.1.1 ADC0832芯片接口程序的編寫 26
3.2 單片機(jī)與鍵盤的接口程序設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.4 LED數(shù)碼管顯示程序設(shè)計(jì) 28
第四章 總結(jié)………………………………………………………………………………….30
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………...31
附錄A………………………………………………………………………………………...32
附錄B…………………………………………………………………………………………33
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………...38