摘 要
利用GPS-RTK進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí)，平面精度可以達(dá)到1-2cm，高程精度可以達(dá)到2-5cm，能夠滿足場(chǎng)地平整、土方量核實(shí)等工程的測(cè)量精度要求，同時(shí)，利用GPS-RTK進(jìn)行測(cè)量可以大大加快工作進(jìn)度和減小勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。本文通過介紹GPS-RTK技術(shù)和VRS系統(tǒng)的原理及其在土石方測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用，并以南方CASS軟件為例，首先對(duì)軟件提供的土方量計(jì)算方法及原理進(jìn)行介紹、分析，并結(jié)合工程的需要，總結(jié)出了提高土方量計(jì)算精度的方法。結(jié)合實(shí)際情況總結(jié)了在實(shí)測(cè)以及計(jì)算過程中應(yīng)注意的地物地貌數(shù)據(jù)采集，內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理與計(jì)算等問題。

關(guān)鍵詞：GPS—RTK；VRS系統(tǒng)；土方量計(jì)算方法；土方量
Abstract
 When using the technology of GPS-RTK, the precision of plane can reach 1-2cm, elevation precision can reach 2-5cm.And it can satisfy the field leveling and earthwork volume during engineering measurement precision requirements. At the same time, using GPS-RTK measurements can greatly improve the work schedule and reduce labor intensity. The paper introduces the principle of the GPS-RTK technology, the VRS system and its conditions in the earthwork volume surveying. With the southern CASS software as an example, it firstly introduces and analysis the principle of calculation methods which used to calculate the earthwork volume, and combined with the need of the engineering. This paper summarizes to improve precision of the method of earthwork volume. Combined with actual situation in the measurement, we should pay attention to the acquisition of the data of the physiognomy and surface features, data processing and calculation.

Key words: GPS-RTK, VRS system, Calculation method of earthwork volume, earthwork volume
 
 
目 錄
1 引言 1
2 GPS-RTK基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 2
2.1 RTK 概述 2
2.1.1 RTK的工作原理 2
2.1.2 RTK的系統(tǒng)組成 3
2.2 GPS網(wǎng)絡(luò)RTK技術(shù) 6
2.2.1 VRS概述 6
2.2.2 VRS系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成與工作原理 6
2.2.3 VRS系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢(shì) 7
3 土方工程量計(jì)算 8
3.1 土方量計(jì)算方法 8
3.1.1 方格網(wǎng)法 8
3.1.2 斷面法 12
3.1.3 等高線法 14
3.1.4 DTM法（不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)法） 15
3.2 常見工程土石方數(shù)量計(jì)算 19
3.2.1 溝槽、基坑、路基土方計(jì)算 19
3.2.2 場(chǎng)地平整土方工程量 21
4 GPS-RTK在唐?？h曹妃湖景觀改造提升工程的應(yīng)用 22
4.1 工程概況 22
4.2 作業(yè)過程 22
4.2.1 已知資料準(zhǔn)備 22
4.2.2 測(cè)量過程 22
4.3 精度評(píng)定 24
5 南方CASS中軟件在曹妃湖景觀改造提升工程應(yīng)用 27
5.1 DTM法土方計(jì)算 27
5.2 方格網(wǎng)法土方計(jì)算 30
5.3 等高線法土方計(jì)算 32
5.4 區(qū)域土方平衡法 33
5.5 土方量計(jì)算精度分析 34
5.6 工作總結(jié) 38
6 基于南方CASS軟件新方法的展望 40
6.1 三角網(wǎng)法+方格網(wǎng)法 40
6.2 三角網(wǎng)法 + 區(qū)域土方量平衡法 41
6.3 方格網(wǎng)法 + 三角網(wǎng)法 + 區(qū)域土方量平衡法 42
6.4 區(qū)域土方量平衡法 42