摘 要
塔式起重機(jī)是建筑業(yè)常用的一種機(jī)械，在工作中經(jīng)常起動(dòng)、制動(dòng)和進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的禍合運(yùn)動(dòng)。準(zhǔn)確描述和精確計(jì)算塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)體系在外激勵(lì)力下的動(dòng)態(tài)過程，將為塔機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)提供理論上和實(shí)踐上的指導(dǎo)。以往的研究方法應(yīng)用于塔機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究中的主要有:動(dòng)載系數(shù)法、有限元法、模態(tài)分析法、動(dòng)態(tài)子結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)綜合法、子空間迭代法和建立少自由型直計(jì)法，方法雖，但不足之處。
近年來 ，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)的發(fā)展，有限元分析技術(shù)越來越多的應(yīng)用于塔式起重機(jī)的分析計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)中。塔式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，工作狀態(tài)下有多種載荷，并且需考慮多種工況。本課題采用有限元軟件ANSYS進(jìn)行塔式起重機(jī)四種工況下的靜力與模態(tài)分析與計(jì)算，為研究該型塔式起重機(jī)其他的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)提供了準(zhǔn)備。

關(guān)鍵詞：有限元分析 ANSYS 塔式起重機(jī) 靜力 模態(tài)

ABSTRACT
The tower crane is a kind of machine windely used in construction industry.It possesses complex coupling movement due to frequent starting and braking during operation.Precise description and calculation of the dynamic corresponding process of tower crane structure system under the outside force will be both practically and theoretically instructive for the design and production of the tower crane.Research methods formerly used for the dynamic property of tower cranes mainly include dynamic ratio method,finite element method,mode analysis method,mode synthesis method based on dynamic substructure,subspace iterative method,direct calculation method via less freedom establishment,etc.However,some disadvantages still exist of these methods.
Recently, with the development of the hard-ware of computer technology, finite element analysis technology is more and more widely applied in the analysis and design of tower crane. The construction of the tower crane in which there are many loads is complex, and also it need considering lots of working conditions. The subject uses finite element hard-ware ANSYS to analysis and calculate the static force and modality of the tower crane under the four working conditions, and it prepares dynamic response for researching the other parts of this kind of tower crane.
Key words: finite element analysis, ANSYS, tower crane, static force, modality.

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 緒論 1
1.1塔式起重機(jī)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及研究方法 1
1.2塔式起重機(jī)基本概念 2
第二章 ANSYS介紹 4
2.1有限元技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀 4
2.2 ANSYS簡介 4
2.3 ANSYS的基本功能 5
第三章 塔式起重機(jī)模型的建立 6
3.1塔式起重機(jī)拓?fù)淠Ｐ?6
3.2部件受力特征分析 7
3.3截面參數(shù)定義 7
3.4自重載荷和配重 8
3.5選用合適的分析模型 8
3.6固定塔身底部的4個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) 8
3.7塔機(jī)建模程序設(shè)計(jì) 8
第四章 塔式起重機(jī)的加載、求解及后處理 13
4.1塔機(jī)靜力分析 13
4.2振動(dòng)模態(tài)分析 13
4.2.1塔機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的研究回顧 13
4.2.2 模態(tài)分析 17
4.3加載、求解 17
4.3.1計(jì)算載荷 17
4.3.2工作狀態(tài)下的載荷施加及求解 19
4.3.3非工作狀態(tài)下的載荷施加及求解 20
4.4塔式起重機(jī)有限元分析的后處理 20
4.4.1靜力分析的后處理 21
4.4.2模態(tài)分析的后處理 41
結(jié) 論 46
致謝 47
參考文獻(xiàn) 48
附錄 49