摘 要
新技術(shù)的發(fā)展給電機控制行業(yè)帶來了新的發(fā)展機遇，交流電機的矢量控制是90年代出現(xiàn)的高性能交流電機調(diào)速。矢量控制是仿照直流電機勵磁和轉(zhuǎn)矩分開控制的思想來控制交流電機，因此交流電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)與直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)性能相近。應用矢量控制的交流電機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)能獲得比恒壓頻比調(diào)速、轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制、直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制等調(diào)速方式更好的動態(tài)性能。
無速度傳感器矢量控制和電機參數(shù)辨識是矢量控制的兩個新的研究方向，本文利用異步電機在三相靜止坐標系下的數(shù)學模型推導出兩相靜止坐標系、兩相同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標系(PARK變換)下的數(shù)學模型，根據(jù)磁動勢守恒和功率守恒的原則，得出各坐標變換公式；通過不同磁場定向方式的比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，異步電機按轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向時定子電流勵磁分量和轉(zhuǎn)矩分量可以比較方便地實現(xiàn)解耦。本文總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈觀測方式和電機速度估計方式，通過對不同磁鏈觀測方式和不同電機轉(zhuǎn)速估計方式的仿真及其分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，用改進的電壓模型觀測轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈、用PI自適應法估計電機轉(zhuǎn)速時效果比較理想（PI自適應法是模型參考自適應法的一種變化形式）；另外本文根據(jù)直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的思想設(shè)計并計算了速度環(huán)、磁鏈環(huán)兩個PI調(diào)節(jié)器，計算出轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈給定值及改進的電壓模型觀測轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈環(huán)節(jié)、PI自適應法電機轉(zhuǎn)速估計環(huán)節(jié)和定子電壓、定子電流測量環(huán)節(jié)形成異步電機轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向矢量控制系統(tǒng)。通過利用MATLAB對該系統(tǒng)的速度仿真發(fā)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速能比較好的跟蹤給定值，控制效果比較好。
為了更好地實現(xiàn)異步電機的實時性控制，本文用專門用于電機控制的DSP作為系統(tǒng)的核心控制器件對系統(tǒng)進行控制。

關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)子磁鏈矢量控制  異步電機  PARK變換  DSP                 

Abstract
The development of new technologe brings new chance of motor control industry, Vector control of AC motor is a novel speed-adjusting form of AC motor, The concept  of vector control is to control AC motor according to DC motor controlling the flux current and  torque current seperatedly, so vector control systems of AC motor have the same performances as DC speed-adjusting systems , and have better dynamic performance than the constant  vertz-per-hertz ratio control、slip frequence control、direct torque control (DTC)。
The speed-sensorless vector control and the identification of motor parameters in this paper are the two novel research of vector control。Using asynchronous machine’s mathematic model in three-phase static reference frame, this paper has derived it’s mathematic model in two-phase static reference frame and in two-phase rotating reference frame, and got the coordinate transformance formulus based on the constant magnetic force and power force, by compared different  field orientation methods, we can find that field orientation at rotor field can realize the decoupling of the stator current  flux component and torque component。This paper summarized the existing observation methods of rotor flux and estimation methods of rotor speed, then by simulating and analyzing the methods of rotor flux observation and that of rotor speed estimation we can find that improved voltage model observing rotor flux and PI adaptive method estimating rotor speed have good results, in addition, we designed two PI adjuster：    and calculated their parameters, calculated the reference value of rotor flux and then we can get a rotor flux vector control system including improved voltage model、PI adaptive speed estimation model、the two PI adjuster、stator voltage and current measurement model.Using MATLAB software to simulate it’s speed curve, we can derive that the speed of the system can trace the reference value well, and the controlling result is better.
In order to realize real-time control to asynchronous motor, the system regard a DSP as  a core controller which is specially used to control motors.

Key words： Field -oriented control(FOC) of rotor flux linkage， Induction motor,  PARK,  DSP

目錄

1 緒論……………………………………………………………………...1
1.1交流異步電機控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀………………………………….1
1.1.1電力電子器件與技術(shù)的發(fā)展………………………………..1
1.1.2微處理器及計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展……………………………..1
1.1.3控制理論的發(fā)展……………………………………………..2
1.1.4計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展…………………………………………..2
1.1.5PWM技術(shù)的發(fā)展…………………………………………….3
1.2 異步電機控制系統(tǒng)的類型…………………………………………3
1.2.1矢量變換控制系統(tǒng)…………………………………………..3
1.2.2轉(zhuǎn)差頻率矢量控制系統(tǒng)……………………………………..4
1.2.3直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)…………………………………………..4
1.2.4空間矢量調(diào)制控制系統(tǒng)……………………………………..5
1.2.5智能控制系統(tǒng)………………………………………………..5
1.3電機DSP控制系統(tǒng)的特點…………………………………………5
1.4選題的目的和意義………………………………………………….6
2 矢量控制理論…………………………………………………………...8
2.1 異步電機數(shù)學模型和坐標變換……………………………………8
2.1.1坐標變換……………………………………………………..8
2.1.2異步電機數(shù)學模型………………………………………….11
2.2 矢量控制原理……………………………………………………...12
2.2.1矢量控制的基本思想及實現(xiàn)……………………………….12
2.2.2轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向矢量控制基本方程………………………….13
2.2.3矢量控制方式……………………………………………….15
2.3 電壓空間矢量法……………………………………………………16
2.3.1電壓空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制的基本原理……………………….16
2.3.2 利用TMS320LF2407A生成SVPWM…………………….19
2.4 小結(jié)…………………………………………………………………20
3 基于DSP的異步電動機矢量控制系統(tǒng)……………………………….21
3.1引言………………………………………………………………….21
3.2 TMS320LF2407芯片概況………………………………………….21
3.3異步電動機矢量控制系統(tǒng)基本組成……………………………….23
3.4異步電動機矢量控制DSP硬件部分實現(xiàn)…………………………25
3.4.1主回路設(shè)計……………………………………………………..26
3.4.1.1整流和濾波電路…………………………………………..26
3.4.1.2逆變電路IPM模塊……………………………………….27
3.4.2控制電路的設(shè)計……………………………………………….29
3.4.2.1電流檢測電路……………………………………………..29
3.4.2.2速度檢測…………………………………………………..31
3.4.2.3 PWM驅(qū)動接口電路……………………………………....31
3.4.2.4基準電壓電路……………………………………………..32
3.5異步電動機矢量控制DSP軟件流程……………………………...32
4系統(tǒng)仿真………………………………………………………………...35
5結(jié)論……….. ……………………………………………………………37
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………..39
致謝………………………………………………………………………..41