基于單片機(jī)的數(shù)字式壓力表的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

摘 要
壓力測(cè)量?jī)x器總的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是高性能、數(shù)字化、集成化、智能化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。本文設(shè)計(jì)的是電池組供電的低功耗數(shù)字壓力表。首先，文章對(duì)壓力測(cè)量和數(shù)字式壓力表的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)作了簡(jiǎn)單的綜述。然后，文章對(duì)低功耗數(shù)字式壓力表的總體設(shè)計(jì)、各模塊的工作原理和低功耗的軟硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了分述。
數(shù)字式壓力表各個(gè)模塊的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)部分，詳細(xì)具體地介紹了87C652單片機(jī)內(nèi)部模塊和除87C652單片機(jī)外的主要外圍模塊包括低壓差線(xiàn)性電壓穩(wěn)壓器、外部存儲(chǔ)器X25043、液晶顯示器等各個(gè)模塊的工作原理、應(yīng)用方法、相互之間的接口關(guān)系以及軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式等。軟件設(shè)計(jì)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)并貫穿低功耗設(shè)計(jì)思想，介紹了各個(gè)主要模塊的程序流程并且給出了部分C語(yǔ)言程序段。

關(guān)鍵詞：低功耗，單片機(jī)，壓力傳感器，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器，液晶顯示器

ABSTRACT
The trend of the development of the pressure measuring equipment is better performance,digitized, integrated,intelligent and network conncapable. In this paper,the delopment of a battery powered digital pressure gauge is presented. First,a summary of the current status and trend of the pressure measurement is given,and then detailed information about the overall system design,function and principle of different modules is provided respectively.
Design and implementation details of the various modules of the digital pressure gauge represented in this paper,in cluding 87C652 m icrocontroller, low dropout linear voltage regulator，external memory module X25043，LCD module,etc.The principle and application of these modules and interfaces between these modules are explained. Modularization design and low power consumption consideration are applied on software design.Flow chart and some assembly C language of the main modules are provided.

KEY WORDS：Ultral low power consumption; Microcontroller; pressure sensor; A/D converter; LCD module
 
目錄
1 緒 論.......................................................1
1.1 壓力測(cè)量的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1
1.2 本課題的研究意義 2
1.3 本文所做的工作 3
2 數(shù)字式壓力表的總體設(shè)計(jì)......................................4
2.1 項(xiàng)目的總體目標(biāo) 4
2.2 低功耗設(shè)計(jì)思路 4
2.3方案總體設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.3.1 硬件的總體設(shè)計(jì) 6
2.3.2 軟件的總體設(shè)計(jì) 7
3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)................................................8
3.1 主控電路的設(shè)計(jì) 8
3.1.1 87C652型單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 8
3.1.2 單片機(jī)低功耗特性在本系統(tǒng)中的實(shí)現(xiàn) 11
3.2 信號(hào)采集和轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.2.1 壓力傳感器的選型設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.2.2 信號(hào)調(diào)理電路的設(shè)計(jì) 12
3.2.3 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.3 電源管理電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.4 存儲(chǔ)器、鍵盤(pán)及報(bào)警接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4.1 存儲(chǔ)器接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 21
3.4.2 鍵盤(pán)接口電路的設(shè)計(jì) 22
3.4.3 發(fā)聲報(bào)警產(chǎn)生器的設(shè)計(jì) 23
3.5 LCD顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) 23
4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)...............................................26
4.1 主模塊 26
4.2 采樣和A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 30
4.3 存儲(chǔ)模塊 34
4.4 LCD1602液晶顯示模塊 35
5 數(shù)據(jù)處理...................................................39
5.1 提高精度的常用方法 39
5.1.1 非線(xiàn)性校正法 39
5.1.2 平均值濾波法 41
5.1.3 溫漂及補(bǔ)償方法 43
5.2 具體處理方法 43
結(jié) 論........................................................46
參考文獻(xiàn).....................................................47
致 謝........................................................48
附錄.........................................................49