摘 要
近些年來(lái)，公路交通量不斷增加，代表車(chē)型不斷趨于重型化，公路橋梁負(fù)荷也日趨加重；加之舊橋部分老化、破損或受原設(shè)計(jì)荷載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的限制，普遍存在橋梁承載力不足的情況。采用維修加寬加固提高橋梁承載能力和通行能力，是提高現(xiàn)有橋梁經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、節(jié)省投資、減少人力物力的有效途徑。縮短了一系列的工程設(shè)計(jì)、施工的橋梁建設(shè)過(guò)程，降低了工程運(yùn)作成本。
本文以京沈線彰武柳河大橋加固為例進(jìn)行研究，通過(guò)理論計(jì)算確定以加寬結(jié)合外部預(yù)應(yīng)力筋為主要措施的加固方案；通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬，確定橋梁T型梁對(duì)外部載荷的結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)；通過(guò)室外實(shí)橋試驗(yàn)確定橋梁的加固效果。結(jié)果表明，加固后的T型梁橋各個(gè)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到了技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，加固技術(shù)在實(shí)際工程的應(yīng)用取得了令人滿意的結(jié)果。研究結(jié)果表明，只要找到病害的原因，并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的處治，其大多數(shù)是可以繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)的。本項(xiàng)目研究成果為T(mén)型梁橋加固提供了一個(gè)可靠的方法，具有顯著的社會(huì)效益和推廣應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：T型梁橋；有限元；ADINA；橋梁加固





Abstract
In recent years, the volume of road traffic has increased continuously, the representative of car model continue to become Heavy-duty, the load of Roads and bridges have become increasingly heavier; With the old bridges’ problems which conclude part aging , destruction or the limits of the original design load, the condition of deficient bearing capacity of bridge exists widely. It is an effective way to increase the economic efficiency of existing bridges, save investment and reduce the human and material resources by widening and strengthening bridges to improve their load capacity and traffic capacity. It also diminishes the process of a series of engineering design, construction, bridge building and reduces the operating costs of the projects.
In this paper, ZhangWu-LiuHe Bridge in Beijing-ShenYang-line are researched as an example. It is determined that widening and using external Prestressed reinforcement are the main measures of reinforcement by theoretical calculations; the T-beam bridges’ structural response to external loads are determined by computer simulation; the reinforcing effect of the bridge are determined by the outdoor testing of real bridge. The results show that Reinforced T-beam bridges after the individual indicators are up to the technical standards, and the application of strengthening technology in the actual project has achieved satisfactory results. The results show that most of the bridges can continue to use Just by finding the causes of disease and taking according treatments. The project research results provide a reliable method for the T-beam bridge reinforcement and have significant social benefits and promoted prospects.

Key Words：T-beam bridge；finite element；ADINA ；Bridge Strengthening







目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒論 1
1.1 問(wèn)題的提出 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 橋梁評(píng)估的研究 2
1.2.2 橋梁加固的研究 3
1.3.1 研究意義 4
1.3.2 研究方案及內(nèi)容 4
2 工程概況 6
2.1 橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)情況 6
2.2 橋梁病害現(xiàn)狀 8
2.2.1 上部承重結(jié)構(gòu)病害調(diào)查 8
2.2.2 下部結(jié)構(gòu)病害調(diào)查 10
2.2.3 橋面鋪裝病害調(diào)查 11
2.2.4 伸縮縫病害調(diào)查 12
3 橋梁加固前檢測(cè) 13
3.1 外觀檢測(cè) 13
3.2 靜載檢測(cè) 14
3.2.1 加載方式及撓度布置 14
3.2.2 荷載等級(jí) 15
3.2.3 車(chē)輛軸距測(cè)量及稱(chēng)重 15
3.2.4 撓度測(cè)試結(jié)果 16
3.2.5 應(yīng)變測(cè)試 18
3.2.6 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較 20
3.3 動(dòng)載檢測(cè) 20
3.3.1 試驗(yàn)?zāi)康?20
3.3.2 試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目及方法 20
3.3.3 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析 21
3. 4 本章小結(jié) 22
4 橋梁加固方案的確定 23
4.1 加固設(shè)計(jì)方案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范 23
4.2 加固方案 23
4.2.1 方案一 23
4.2.2 方案二 24
4.2.3 方案三 24
4.3 本章小結(jié) 25
5 橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)理論計(jì)算 26
5.1 計(jì)算依據(jù) 26
5.2 加固前結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 26
5.2.1 上部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù) 26
5.2.2 橫向分布系數(shù)計(jì)算 27
5.2.3 沖擊系數(shù) 28
5.2.4 主梁恒載效應(yīng)計(jì)算 28
5.2.5 主梁活載效應(yīng)計(jì)算及荷載組合 30
5.2.6 持久狀況承載能力極限狀態(tài)計(jì)算 31
5.2.7 加固前驗(yàn)算結(jié)論 33
5.3 加固后結(jié)構(gòu)分析 33
5.3.1 主梁跨中的幾何力學(xué)特性 33
5.3.2 跨中橫向分布系數(shù) 34
5.3.3 支點(diǎn)橫向分布系數(shù) 34
5.3.4 主梁荷載效應(yīng)計(jì)算 35
5.3.5 持久狀況承載能力極限狀態(tài)計(jì)算 36
5.3.6 加固后驗(yàn)算結(jié)論 39
5.4 本章小結(jié) 39
6 有限元法模擬橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)荷載響應(yīng)分析 41
6.1 有限元法模擬分析概述 41
6.1.1 有限元法及適用于鋼筋混凝土的特點(diǎn) 41
6.1.2 有限元分析過(guò)程 42
6.1.3 有限元程序ADINA介紹 44
6.2 柳河大橋分析中相關(guān)本構(gòu)關(guān)系介紹 44
6.2.1 混凝土材料的本構(gòu)關(guān)系 44
6.2.2 鋼筋的本構(gòu)關(guān)系 48
6.2.3 接觸單元 48
6.3 柳河大橋有限元模擬過(guò)程 50
6.3.1 基本要求 50
6.3.2 柳河大橋幾何模型的建立 50
6.3.3 柳河橋各部位單元模型及單元?jiǎng)澐?52
6.3.4模型的約束 52
6.4 計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 58
6.4.1 第二孔跨中處限元模型計(jì)算結(jié)果 58
6.4.2 支點(diǎn)處結(jié)果分析 68
6.4.3 橋梁動(dòng)載計(jì)算結(jié)果 72
6.5 本章小結(jié) 74
結(jié) 論 75
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 76