車輛工程畢業(yè)設計—城市客車總布置設計之駕駛區(qū)設計

摘 要

本論文題目為《城市客車總布置設計》。通過課題所給定的底盤，最終確定該車為大型中級市區(qū)城市客車。此車長10.45m，寬2.50m，高3.27m，主要用于市內的短途客運。車內布置合理，共有39個乘客座且車內空間寬敞，滿足營運商較大載客量的要求。車身整體造型以簡約、流暢的線條勾勒，富有時代感的歐洲造型風格和含蓄、富有中國人文底蘊的文化相結合，給乘客帶來耳目一新的視覺享受。全金屬車身蒙皮，前后圍整體成型工藝，有效提高了車身蒙皮的剛度及強度，剛性好，重量輕。此車的總重量為9152kg，相比同類型車總重（10噸左右），車重較輕。國III排放標準，降低空氣污染，充分滿足客管部門的要求?？蛙嚽昂缶鶠殇摪鍙椈?雙向作用同時減震器，有效降低懸架噪聲，乘坐舒適性高。駕駛區(qū)按照人機工程學布置，有效地降低駕駛員的工作強度，降低長時間駕駛的疲勞感，保障車輛行駛的安全性。本論文還介紹了此城市客車的設計目的，主要結構特點并進行相關的動力性和經濟性計算以檢驗設計的合理性。

關鍵詞： 城市客車,整車設計,結構特點,技術參數(shù)   

 
ABSTRACT

This paper entitled General Layout Design of a city bus. On the basis of the chassis given by the subject，the car finally identified for large Middle-level city buses. The length of the bus is10.45m, the width is 2.50m, the height is3.27m .It is mainly used for short-distance transport of passengers in cities. The car is reasonably arranged, a total of 39 passenger seats and the spacious interior, Which meets the requirements of the bus operators who demand for large capacitye.The overall shape of the bus is worked out by simple, smooth lines,combinating the European style which has rich sense of the times with the rich culture of China which has humanities details. It brings a new perspective feeling to the passengers. It uses technology of body skin with all metal and the front and the rear for integral type.As a result,The strength and stiffness of the body skin of the bus are improved efeectively.The total weight of the bus is 9152kg.It is lighter compared with the other buses which almost are 10000kg.It meets the State III emission standard.So it can reduce the air pollution and fully meet the requirements of the bus management.Because it uses leaf spring suspension and two-way shock absorber, the noise of suspension can be reduced.High comfort is acquired. Driving Area is arranged in accordance with ergonomics .it effectively reduces the work intensity of the driver,reduces the fatigue of driving for a long time and makes the bus keep safe .In this paper,the purpose of design,the main structural features are introducted.，and computing the power and economy of the engine to test weather thedesign is reasonable.

KEY WORDS:  city bus,Vehicle design,structural features,technical parameters

 
目 錄

第一章  緒論 1
1.1.國外大型客車行業(yè)技術現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.國外城市客車技術發(fā)展新趨勢 3
1.3.我國城市客車現(xiàn)狀 6
1.4.我國城市公交的發(fā)展趨勢 7
第二章  設計原則及設計依據(jù) 11
2.1.設計原則 11
2.2.設計依據(jù) 11
第三章  總布置設計 13
3.1.車型、車身總體尺寸及車身結構確定 13
3.1.1.車型的確定 13
3.1.2.車身總體尺寸的確定 13
3.1.3.車身結構的確定 13
3.2.客車車內尺寸的確定 14
3.2.1.駕駛區(qū)尺寸的確定 14
3.2.2.乘客區(qū)尺寸的確定 17
3.3.主要總成結構型式及主要技術參數(shù) 18
3.3.1.底盤主要總成結構和性能要求 18
3.3.2.車身主要總成型式和性能要求 20
3.4．空調、暖風機、發(fā)動機的選取依據(jù) 22
3.4.1.空調的選取 22
3.4.2.暖風機的選取 22
3.4.3.發(fā)動機型號的選取 22
第四章  整車性能計算 24
4.1.整車整備質量、滿載質量 24
4.2.重心位置及軸荷分配計算 25
第五章  動力性、燃油經濟性、穩(wěn)定性計算 28
5.1.動力性計算 28
5.1.1.動力性計算基本參數(shù) 28
5.1.2.客車動力性計算原理 30
5.1.3.客車動力性指標計算 31
5.1.4.客車的動力性計算結果 33
5.2.燃油經濟性計算 36
5.3.穩(wěn)定性計算 37
5.3.1.縱向穩(wěn)定性計算 37
5.3.2.橫向穩(wěn)定性計算 38
第六章  駕駛員視野校核 39
6.1.視野校核的目的 39
6.2.視野校核的依據(jù) 39
6.2.1.汽車駕駛員眼橢圓概述 39
6.2.2.眼橢圓樣板的制取 39
6.2.3.眼橢圓樣板在車身視圖上的定位 40
6.3.視野校核內容及結果 42
6.3.1.前方視野 42
6.3.2.后方視野 43
6.3.3.側方視野 44
第七章  轉向輪跳動校核 45
7.1.作轉向輪跳動圖的目的 45
7.2.校核結果 45
第八章  客車制造的相關工藝 46
結 論 47
致 謝 48
參考文獻 49
附錄 50