本文章為一篇?jiǎng)?chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)論文，通過(guò)典型生化實(shí)驗(yàn)（硫化氫試驗(yàn)、糖酵解試驗(yàn)、IMVIC試驗(yàn)、大分子水解試驗(yàn)）得出具體結(jié)論，內(nèi)附實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程的詳細(xì)步驟，試驗(yàn)圖片及結(jié)論。


牙刷上細(xì)菌的分離及鑒定
摘  要：牙刷是用來(lái)清潔口腔的，可用久了的話就會(huì)積累細(xì)菌，時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)細(xì)菌越多。可能就是這些細(xì)菌正危害你的健康。通過(guò)該創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)牙刷上的細(xì)菌進(jìn)行分離與鑒定，探討大學(xué)校園中學(xué)生牙刷的細(xì)菌學(xué)分布,防止“病從口入”。
  實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)對(duì)牙刷上細(xì)菌的提取、分離、純化得到不同菌種，采用平板計(jì)數(shù)法確定不同天數(shù)的牙刷細(xì)菌數(shù)目，簡(jiǎn)單染色觀察形態(tài)，革蘭氏染色確定革蘭氏陰陽(yáng)性，最后通過(guò)硫化氫試驗(yàn)、糖酵解試驗(yàn)、IMVIC試驗(yàn)、大分子水解試驗(yàn)，四個(gè)鑒定性試驗(yàn)確定菌種。
根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象查詢《伯杰氏細(xì)菌鑒定手冊(cè)》確定菌種分別為A、C嗜熱鏈球菌；B發(fā)酵乳桿菌；D類腸膜明串珠菌；E金黃色葡萄球菌。結(jié)果顯示牙刷使用之前已經(jīng)存在細(xì)菌，使用一段時(shí)間后，細(xì)菌數(shù)目和種類會(huì)增加很多。并且牙刷使用時(shí)間超過(guò)3個(gè)月的人,其上所含細(xì)菌總數(shù)及致病菌數(shù)明顯高于牙刷使用時(shí)間少于3個(gè)月人。
結(jié)論牙刷是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚男l(wèi)生用品,使用過(guò)程中細(xì)菌的污染是不可忽視的問(wèn)題,建議大家最好3個(gè)月以內(nèi)換1次牙刷,根據(jù)具體情況選擇藥物牙膏。總之,常換牙膏和牙刷,保持口腔衛(wèi)生,防止“病從口入”。 
關(guān)鍵詞：牙刷、細(xì)菌、分離、鑒定
Abstract: The toothbrush is used to clean the oral cavity, can be used for a long time, then it will accumulate bacteria, the more the longer the bacteria. Possible that these bacteria are harmful to your health. Through the experiment, the bacteria on the toothbrush on the separation and identification of bacterial toothbrush campus distribution of students, to prevent the "disease from the mouth."
  Experiments on the toothbrush on the bacteria by extraction, separation and purification of different strains, determined by plate count of bacteria on different days of the toothbrush the number of simple staining morphology, Gram stain to determine gram yin and yang, and finally through the hydrogen sulfide test glycolytic test, IMVIC test, macromolecular hydrolysis test, test to determine the four identified strains.
According to the experimental phenomenon of inquiry "Bo Jieshi bacterial identification manual" identified strains were A, C Streptococcus thermophilus; B Lactobacillus fermentum; D class of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain; E Staphylococcus aureus. The results show that already existed before the bacteria used toothbrush, use a period of time, the number and types of bacteria will increase a lot. And toothbrush use for more than 3 months, their total number of bacteria and pathogens on the number of contained significantly higher than the toothbrush use were less than 3 months.
Conclusion toothbrush is essential for daily life health supplies, the use of bacteria contamination can not be ignored, I suggest you best within 3 months for 1 toothbrush, toothpaste, according to the specific situation of the drug of choice. In short, often for toothpaste and toothbrushes, oral hygiene, to prevent the "disease from the mouth."
Keywords: Toothbrush、bacteria、isolation、identification