X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘    要
  X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 是一個開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單。實(shí)現(xiàn)方便而且能夠保證一定的精度。降低成本,是微機(jī)控制技術(shù)的最簡單的應(yīng)用。它充分的利用了危機(jī)的軟件硬件功能以實(shí)現(xiàn)對機(jī)床的控制;使機(jī)床的加工范圍擴(kuò)大,精度和可靠性進(jìn)一步得到提高。X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)是利用8031單片機(jī),及2764,6264存儲器及8155芯片等硬件組成,在控制系統(tǒng)的硬件上編寫一定的程序以實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的加工功能。其基本思想是:通過圓弧或者直線插補(bǔ)程序以實(shí)現(xiàn)對零件進(jìn)行幾何加工,每進(jìn)行一段加工都要產(chǎn)生一定的脈沖以驅(qū)動電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn),同時通過8155(1)將相應(yīng)的加工進(jìn)刀信息送至刀架庫中以實(shí)現(xiàn)以之相應(yīng)的走刀,電機(jī)和刀具的相對運(yùn)動所以實(shí)現(xiàn)了刀具對工件的加工。該控制系統(tǒng)采用軟件中斷控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及子程序結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，條件明確在經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控中應(yīng)用較多。中斷結(jié)構(gòu)采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)因?yàn)檫@種結(jié)構(gòu)便于修改和擴(kuò)充，編制較為方便，便于向多處理方向發(fā)展。X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為驅(qū)動裝置。步進(jìn)電機(jī)是一個將脈沖信號轉(zhuǎn)移成角位移的機(jī)電式數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器裝置。其工作原理是：每給一個脈沖便在定子電路中產(chǎn)生一定的空間旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場；由于步進(jìn)電機(jī)通的是三相交流電所以輸入的脈沖數(shù)目及時間間隔不同，轉(zhuǎn)子的旋轉(zhuǎn)快慢及旋轉(zhuǎn)時間的長短也是不同的。由于旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場對放入其中的通電導(dǎo)體既轉(zhuǎn)子切割磁力線時具有力的作用，從實(shí)現(xiàn)了旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場的轉(zhuǎn)動迫使轉(zhuǎn)子作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)動，所以轉(zhuǎn)子才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)子帶動絲杠作相應(yīng)的運(yùn)動。本題目是步進(jìn)電機(jī)，微型計(jì)算機(jī)，插補(bǔ)原理，匯編語言的綜合應(yīng)用，本題目設(shè)計(jì)得到了老師的幫助和支持，最后由董玉紅老師審定，在此表示感謝。本題目由方世龍完成，共分六章，第一章主要設(shè)計(jì)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)第二章主要設(shè)計(jì)了機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；第三章主要設(shè)計(jì)了控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)；第四章主要設(shè)計(jì)控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)；第五章主要是本設(shè)計(jì)的附錄。因本人水平有限，錯誤和不足之處在所難免，處理問題也有不妥之處，敬請相關(guān)老師批評指正。                     

關(guān)鍵詞：X-Y數(shù)控工作臺；機(jī)電系統(tǒng)；微型計(jì)算機(jī)；6264存儲器
X-Y NC Worktable Mechatronics System Design
Abstract
CNC XY table is a mechanical and electrical systems design open-loop control system, its structure is simple. Realization of convenience and can guarantee a certain accuracy. Reduce costs, computer control technology is the most simple application. It full use of the software hardware crisis To achieve the functions of the machine control; to expand the scope of the processing machine tools, precision and reliability has been further improved. XY NC table is the use of mechanical and electrical systems design SCM 8031, 2764,6264 and 8155 and memory chips and other hardware components , In the control system of hardware on the preparation of certain procedures in order to achieve a certain processing functions. The basic idea is: circular or linear interpolation procedures to achieve the geometry of the parts for processing, every section of the processing should have a certain impulse to Electric drives positive and, through 8155 (1) corresponding to the processing of information sent to the turret into the knife in order to achieve the corresponding go to the knife, the electrical and tool to achieve the relative movement of the tool so the processing of the workpiece. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine is simple, clear in the economic conditions in the application of NC more. Disruption of a modular structure because such a structure designed to facilitate revision and expansion, the establishment of more convenient, easy to handle and more direction. CNC XY table designed by mechanical and electrical systems as a stepping motor-driven devices. Stepper motor is a pulse will be transferred into angular displacement of the Electrical and Mechanical-DAC devices. Its working principle is: each to a pulse in the stator circuit will have a certain space in rotating magnetic field; because of the stepper motor is the three-phase AC-so enter the number of pulses and different time intervals, the rotation speed of the rotor and the length of rotation Are different. As the rotating magnetic field into which both the rotor cutting electricity conductor when a magnetic line of force, to achieve a rotating magnetic field from the force rotation for the corresponding rotor rotation, the rotor can achieve rotor lead screw for the corresponding movement. This topic is the stepper motor, micro-computers, interpolation principle, the comprehensive application of assembly language, this topic has been designed with the help of teachers DONG Yu-hong and support, the final audited by DONG Yu-hong teacher, expressed thanks for this. This subject by Fang Long completed, is divided into six chapters, Chapter 1 overall design of the main design Chapter II of the mechanical design system design; Chapter III of the main design of the control system hardware design; Chapter IV of the main control system design software design; Chapter 5 is the design of the appendix. I level because of the limited mistakes and inadequacies of the inevitable and deal with the problem has its drawbacks, please related to the teacher criticized the correction.

Keywords：X-Y NC Worktable; Mechatronics system; micro-computers; 6264 memory

目　　錄
X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) I
摘    要 I
Abstract 2
X-Y數(shù)控工作臺機(jī)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 1
第1章  緒  論 1
1.1兩坐標(biāo)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)課題研究意義 1
1.2 兩坐標(biāo)系數(shù)控工作臺課題研究主要內(nèi)容 1
1.2.1 兩坐標(biāo)系系統(tǒng)的組成 1
第2章  機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 1
2.1 工作臺外形尺寸及重量估算 1
第3章  控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 10
3.1 CPU板 10
3.2 驅(qū)動系統(tǒng) 13
3.2.1步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動電路和工作原理 13
3.2.3 電源轉(zhuǎn)換 15
3.4 本章小節(jié) 16
第4章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) 17
4.1 總體方案 17
4.2 主流程圖 17
4.3  INT0中斷服務(wù)流程圖 18
4.4  INT1中斷服務(wù)流程圖 19
4.2.2 X軸電機(jī)點(diǎn)動正轉(zhuǎn)程序流程圖 23
4.4.3 繪制圖弧程序流程圖 24
4.4.4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)步進(jìn)一步程序流程圖 29
結(jié)    論 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 32
致    謝 33
附    錄 34