摘 要

高爐上料是整個高爐冶煉生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，擔(dān)負(fù)著為煉鐵高爐提供原料的功能，其將來自料倉的各種原料按一定的配料比送到高爐內(nèi)進行冶煉。在全世界，料車卷揚機上料仍占有很高比重，特別是在中國，由于歷史原因，現(xiàn)目前國內(nèi)小型高爐較多，而且大多都還采用料車卷揚機上料，這種情況在短時間內(nèi)是不會得到改善的。因此，對料車的研究設(shè)計也還是高爐煉鐵的重中之重，不容忽視。
本設(shè)計主要通過對高爐上料系統(tǒng)的分析、論述，同時通過對上料小車、卷揚機、PLC控制系統(tǒng)等整個上料過程中所用到的設(shè)備的設(shè)計，并以文字和圖紙資料作為最終成果。本次設(shè)計旨在提高我們對知識的整合能力，以及解決實際問題的能力，為最終從事的工作打下堅實基礎(chǔ)。
本設(shè)計分為五部分：
第一部分主要針對國內(nèi)外對于高爐上料系統(tǒng)研究狀況、選題目的、意義、研究目標(biāo)等進行敘述。
第二部分是上料小車的設(shè)計，其中，上料小車又分為車廂、車架、拉桿、輪對等幾方面的設(shè)計；并對重要部件進行了校核。
第三部分主要要是進行減速器的設(shè)計，本設(shè)計主要針對二級減速器設(shè)計，主要內(nèi)容包括軸、齒輪、箱體，并進行了相關(guān)的校核與分析；該部分設(shè)計屬于卷揚機組成的一部分。
第四部分內(nèi)容是針對高爐供料系統(tǒng)中的卷揚機的卷筒、機架、蓋板、軸承座的主要部件進行設(shè)計。
第五部分主要進行PLC 編程，根據(jù)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展的要求，工業(yè)自動化已成為必然。本部分就是針對高爐供料部分進行編程設(shè)計。程序具有自動和手動功能，同時還加入了故障檢測功能，使控制更為完善。
第六部分主要對這次設(shè)計所取得的成績進行總結(jié)與評價。
本論文的特點是以實際生活為出發(fā)點，以解決實際問題為關(guān)鍵，通過對高爐供料系統(tǒng)這部分進行了全面分析與設(shè)計，理論與實踐相結(jié)合，具有很好的代表性。

關(guān)鍵字：PLC；高爐；料車；卷揚機；設(shè)備
ABSTRACT

The blast furnace high-quality goods is the key link of the entire blast-furnace smelting production, shoulders to  provide raw material for the Iron-smelting blast furnace, it is carrying on smelting each raw  material which according to certain ingredient ratio from the bunker in the blast furnace . Around the world, furnaces hoist feeding still possess high proportion, especially in China, because of historical reasons, at present, the domestic small blast furnace is more, and mostly still adopt the furnaces, this material hoist in short time is not improve. Therefore, the study design also for furnaces or blast furnace ironmaking priority, nots allow to ignore.
This design mainly through the analysis of the blast furnace feeding system, at the same time to discuss and material by car and hoist, PLC control system the whole feeding process design of the equipment used, and with words and drawing material as the final results. The design aims to improve our ability to integrate for knowledge, and the ability of solving the world's problems for the final to lay a solid foundation in the work.
This design is divided into five parts:
The first part mainly aimed at home and abroad for blast furnace the feeding system research situation, topics purpose, significance, research target, etc are described.
The second part is feeding car design, among them, feeding dolly and divided into cars, frame, bars, wheel equivalence several aspect design; And the important component checks.
The third part for the design of the speed reducer mainly if, this design mainly aimed at level 2 reducer design, main content includes shaft, gear, body, and some checking and analysis; This part of the design belongs to hoist component part.
The fourth part is for the blast furnace material feeding system the drum, frame, operation of the bearing apron, main components to carry on the design.
The fifth part mainly for PLC programming, according to the requirements of the development of modern industry, industrial automation has become inevitable. This section is part for blast furnace material feeding programmed. Procedure has automatic and manual function, also joined the fault detection function, make control more perfect.
The sixth part of this design mainly summarizes the achievements and eva luation.
This thesis characteristics based on actual life as a starting point to solve practical problems as key, through to the blast furnace material feeding system this part for a comprehensive analysis and design, combining theory with practice, has the very good representative.

KeyWords：PLC ；Blast furnace；Furnaces; Hoist; Equipment

 
 目錄
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 課題背景 1
1.2 選題目的及意義 1
1.2.1 選題目的 1
1.2.2 選題意義 2
1.2.3 研究目標(biāo) 2
1.3 高爐上料系統(tǒng)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
1.3.1 國外高爐上料系統(tǒng)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
1.3.2 國內(nèi)高爐上料系統(tǒng)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 3
1.4 全文主要內(nèi)容 4
第二章  上料小車設(shè)計 5
2.1 上料設(shè)備概述 5
2.2 料車設(shè)計 7
2.2.1 上料方案擬定 7
2.2.2 車廂設(shè)計 7
2.2.3 車輪設(shè)計 11
2.2.4 輪軸設(shè)計 17
2.2.5 車架設(shè)計 20
2.2.6 拉桿設(shè)計 24
2.2.7 軸承選擇 27
2.2.8 軸座設(shè)計 27
第三章 減速器設(shè)計 28
3.1 電動機選擇 28
3.1.1 電動機類型選擇 28
3.1.2 電動機功率確定 28
3.1.3 確定電動機轉(zhuǎn)速 29
3.2 計算總傳動比及各級的傳動比分配 29
3.3 計算傳動裝置的傳動和動力參數(shù) 30
3.4 減速器齒輪傳動的設(shè)計計算 31
3.4.1高速級圓柱齒輪傳動的設(shè)計計算 31
3.4.2低速級圓柱齒輪傳動的設(shè)計計算 35
3.5 軸尺寸設(shè)計 39
3.5.1 高速軸 39
3.5.2 中間軸 39
3.5.3 低速軸 40
3.6 減速器箱體尺寸確定 43
3.7 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件選擇 44
第四章 卷揚機設(shè)計 47
4.1 料車牽引力計算 47
4.2 鋼絲繩選擇 47
4.3 卷筒設(shè)計 48
4.3.1卷筒設(shè)計 48
4.3.2 卷筒強度計算 49
4.4卷筒軸設(shè)計 52
4.5 機架設(shè)計 52
4.6 卷揚筒蓋板設(shè)計 54
4.7 滾動軸承座設(shè)計 55
第五章 PLC編程 56
5.1 高爐上料系統(tǒng)及PLC簡介 56
5.1.1高爐上料系統(tǒng)簡介 56
5.1.2 PLC簡介 56
5.2 系統(tǒng)整體方案設(shè)計 59
5.2.1 系統(tǒng)功能要求 59
5.2.2 控制要求 60
5.2.3 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 61
5.3 PLC編程 62
第六章 結(jié) 論 69
參考文獻(xiàn) 70
附錄 72
致謝 73