采用直線電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的高速數(shù)控切割機(jī)的發(fā)展[外文翻譯]

摘要
數(shù)控機(jī)床傳統(tǒng)的做法是使用旋轉(zhuǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)馬達(dá)和滾珠絲杠的組合來實(shí)現(xiàn)切削運(yùn)動(dòng)。直線電機(jī)在這種方法之上給于幾點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)，其中包括低慣性，更好的性能，更高的準(zhǔn)確性和復(fù)雜性降低。 這篇文章描述了如何以低成本，高速的直線電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的切割機(jī)對(duì)復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行加工試驗(yàn)。 機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)龍門式X/ Y方向運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，對(duì)其中一個(gè)高速電動(dòng)主軸進(jìn)行啟動(dòng)。兩個(gè)方向均與一個(gè)獨(dú)立的CNC控制器連接，微機(jī)端口以C++為接口語言。該機(jī)器具備一般功能的數(shù)控路由器，并且其切削速度能超過40米/分鐘及主軸轉(zhuǎn)速30000轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘。該機(jī)床已被用來對(duì)刀具磨損監(jiān)測(cè)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，并在大學(xué)里作為正在進(jìn)行的研究項(xiàng)目之一。© 2004年Elsevier B.V。版權(quán)所有。
1.介紹
“高速加工”（HSM）這個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)語多年來用來形容在高轉(zhuǎn)速下端銑小直徑工具。用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義高速加工各有不同[1]。除了轉(zhuǎn)速， 像周邊切割速度，材料去除速度和進(jìn)給速度等各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可用于定義HSM。此外，[2,3]切割操作的類型和使用的刀具和工件材料對(duì)可以達(dá)到的速度加以限制。
不過，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的加工工藝似乎存在一個(gè)共識(shí)，（高速加工）即主軸轉(zhuǎn)速通常達(dá)到10000到100,0000轉(zhuǎn)/分，[4-6]盡管允許在一定的銑削作業(yè)[7]中速度低至5000轉(zhuǎn)/分。
高轉(zhuǎn)速，通常伴隨著工作臺(tái)的高進(jìn)給率，輪廓加工一般發(fā)生的范圍在15-60米/分[1]。

Development of a high-speed CNC cutting machine using linear motors
Seamus Gordon 1, Michael T. Hillery ∗
Department of Manufacturing and Operations Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland  Received 18 April 2001; received in revised form 6 December 2001; accepted 6 August 2003
Abstract
The traditional approach to construct CNC machine tools has been to use rotary drive motors and ballscrews to achieve table motion. Linear motors offer several advantages over this approach, including low inertia, better performance, increased accuracy and reduced complexity.This article describes how a low cost, high-speed cutting machine was built using linear motors in order to conduct machining tests on a composite material. The machine configuration was a gantry type X/Y motion system on which a high-speed electrospindle was mounted.Both were interfaced with a standalone CNC controller for which a MicrosoftWindows based interface was written in C++. The machine has the usual functionality of a CNC router and is capable of table speeds of over 40 m/min and a spindle speed of 30,000 rev/min. The machine is used to carry out tests on tool wear monitoring as part of an ongoing research project in the university.© 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: High speed machining; CNC cutting machine; Linear motors; C++