起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文

摘  要

起重機(jī)械用來(lái)對(duì)物料作起重、運(yùn)輸、裝卸和安裝等作業(yè)的機(jī)械設(shè)備，它可以減輕體力勞動(dòng)、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行某些特殊的工藝操作，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化。
本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)對(duì)橋式起重機(jī)的大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)部分和回轉(zhuǎn)小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的總體設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，以及電動(dòng)機(jī)、聯(lián)軸器、緩沖器、制動(dòng)器的選用；運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)減速器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和零件的校核計(jì)算及結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，完成了橋式起重機(jī)的大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)和回轉(zhuǎn)小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)，完成了一臺(tái)15+15t起重量、橋跨度為22.5米的設(shè)計(jì)要求，并且整個(gè)傳動(dòng)過(guò)程比較平穩(wěn)，且大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)和回轉(zhuǎn)小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，拆裝方便，維修容易，價(jià)格低廉。

關(guān)鍵詞： 橋式起重機(jī)； 大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)； 回轉(zhuǎn)小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)； 減速器

ABSTRACT

Crane is a kind of mechanical equipments used for lifting, moving, loading/unloading, and installing. It can lower the manual workload and upgrade productivity. It can be operated in some special environment, too, and work with high automatic level. Crane can operate whole objects, disintegrated materials, or liquid substances. The crane loads vary from time to time, so it is a periodic operational machine. A crane contains three major parts, mechanic components, a metal structure, and electrical devices. A crane’s mechanical movements are multi-actions, such as raising, running, and rotating.
This paper is main deal with mechanical design for the moving mainframe of bridge crane and Rotating Frame of Bridge Crane, including all design calculation selection of electrical motors, clutch, buffer, and brakes, the design and calculation of the reducer, calibration and verification of the calculation for the parts, and structure designs. Through a series of work, the design is satisfied with the functional requirments, 15+15 ton lifting power and 22.5 metre bridge span. The course of drive is quite smooth. The mechanical structure of the mainframe is simple, easy to install/disassemble, and maintain. And it has low cost.

Key words:  Bridge crane;  The moving mainframe;  The rotating frame;  The reducer

目 錄

1 緒論 1
1.1 起重機(jī)的基本組成 1
1.2 起重機(jī)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)造及其特點(diǎn) 1
1.3 起重機(jī)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式 2
1.4 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 5
2 大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算 5
2.1 確定傳動(dòng)方案 5
2.2 選擇車(chē)輪與軌道并驗(yàn)算其強(qiáng)度 6
2.3 運(yùn)行阻力計(jì)算 7
2.4 選電動(dòng)機(jī) 8
2.5 驗(yàn)算電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)熱條件 9
2.6 選擇減速器 9
2.7 驗(yàn)算運(yùn)行速度和實(shí)際所需功率 10
2.8 啟動(dòng)時(shí)間驗(yàn)算 10
2.9 起動(dòng)工況下減速器功率校核 12
2.10 起動(dòng)不打滑驗(yàn)算 12
2.10.1 二臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)空載時(shí)同時(shí)起動(dòng) 12
2.10.2 事故狀態(tài) 13
2.11 選擇制動(dòng)器 15
2.12 聯(lián)軸器選擇 16
2.12.1 運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)高速軸的扭矩計(jì)算 16
2.12.2 低速軸的扭矩計(jì)算 17
2.13 浮動(dòng)軸的驗(yàn)算 17
2.13.1 疲勞強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 17
2.13.2 靜強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 18
3 回轉(zhuǎn)小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算 19
3.1 小車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算 19
3.2 選擇車(chē)輪與軌道并驗(yàn)算其強(qiáng)度 19
3.2.1 車(chē)輪踏面疲勞計(jì)算 20
3.2.2 線接觸局部擠壓強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 21
3.3 運(yùn)行阻力計(jì)算 21
3.4 選電動(dòng)機(jī) 22
3.5 電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)熱條件驗(yàn)算 23
3.6 選擇減速器 23
3.7 驗(yàn)算運(yùn)行速度和實(shí)際所需功率 23
3.8 啟動(dòng)時(shí)間驗(yàn)算 24
3.9 起動(dòng)工況下校核減速器功率 25
3.10 驗(yàn)算起動(dòng)不打滑條件 26
3.11 選擇制動(dòng)器 27
3.12 高速軸聯(lián)軸器及制動(dòng)輪選擇 28
3.12.1 高速軸聯(lián)軸器計(jì)算扭矩 28
3.12.2 高速軸制動(dòng)輪選擇 29
3.13 低速軸聯(lián)軸器選擇 29
3.14 低速浮動(dòng)軸強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 30
3.14.1 疲勞驗(yàn)算 30
3.14.2 強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算 31
4 結(jié)束語(yǔ) 31
參考文獻(xiàn) 33
致 謝 34