中小企業(yè)應(yīng)對當(dāng)前外貿(mào)出口中的挑戰(zhàn)和困難

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
前 言 1
第1章 我國中小企業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及金融危機(jī)的影響 3
1.1 我國中小企業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 3
1.2 金融危機(jī)對我國中小企業(yè)的影響 4
1.2.1出口加工型企業(yè)的出口貿(mào)易額受到嚴(yán)重的影響 4
1.2.2金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致企業(yè)的進(jìn)口材料成本很難預(yù)料 5
1.2.3金融危機(jī)使得中小企業(yè)的國內(nèi)市場需求減少 5
1.2.4金融危機(jī)使得中小企業(yè)的融資難度加大 5
第2章 我國中小企業(yè)“走出去”目前存在的主要問題 7
2.1 中小企業(yè)自身的不足 7
2.1.1自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)開發(fā)和保護(hù)存在著嚴(yán)重的問題 7
2.1.2缺乏涉外職業(yè)人才 7
2.1.3融資困難 8
2.1.4缺乏清晰的國際市場開拓計(jì)劃 9
2.1.5生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平低 9
2.2制約中小企業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的客觀因素 9
2.2.1中小企業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的政策體制不完善 9
2.2.2中小企業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系不健全 10
2.2.3國際上新貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義抬頭 10
第3章 我國中小企業(yè)在對外貿(mào)易中的競爭優(yōu)勢分析 11
3.1生產(chǎn)技術(shù)優(yōu)勢 11
3.2 決策管理優(yōu)勢 12
3.3 市場占有優(yōu)勢 12
3.4投資環(huán)境優(yōu)勢 13
3.5 經(jīng)營靈活的優(yōu)勢 13
第4章 對策與措施 14
4.1加強(qiáng)市場調(diào)研 14
4.2加強(qiáng)研發(fā)力量 14
4.3加強(qiáng)自主品牌建設(shè) 15
4.4建立健全企業(yè)管理制度 15
4.5尋求多方合作 16
4.6提高企業(yè)的核心競爭力 17
4.7改變管理模式。 17
4.8提高企業(yè)經(jīng)營者文化管理素質(zhì) 17
4.9充分利用國家政策。 18
結(jié) 論 19
致 謝 20
參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 21
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 小 結(jié) 22
 
摘 要
隨著我國加快實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略，我國對外經(jīng)濟(jì)合作經(jīng)營主體隊(duì)伍迅速壯大，國內(nèi)從事跨國投資與經(jīng)營的各類企業(yè)目前已發(fā)展到3萬多家。在大型企業(yè)骨干作用日益明顯的同時(shí)，廣大中小企業(yè)以開展境外加工貿(mào)易為切入點(diǎn)，積極拓展國際市場并取得了積極進(jìn)展，逐步成為我國開展對外投資合作的重要力量。
    目前，我國企業(yè)包括中小企業(yè)“走出去”開展跨國投資與經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的范圍已幾乎遍及全球，從上世紀(jì)80年代集中于美歐日、港澳等少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家和地區(qū)，發(fā)展到周邊國家和亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲以及東歐獨(dú)聯(lián)體等廣大發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)；業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬，由初期的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易、航運(yùn)和餐飲等少數(shù)領(lǐng)域拓展到加工制造、資源利用、交通運(yùn)輸、工程承包、勞務(wù)合作、農(nóng)業(yè)及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品綜合開發(fā)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、旅游及咨詢服務(wù)等眾多領(lǐng)域，多元化發(fā)展的趨勢日益顯著。
中小企業(yè)是推動(dòng)我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一支重要力量。我國加入WTO之后，我國中小企業(yè)在對外貿(mào)易中得到了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，中小企業(yè)是我國的企業(yè)主體.其活力指數(shù)也反映出了一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的興衰成敗,影響著民生狀況,關(guān)系到社會(huì)穩(wěn)定.因此各國都在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),改善民生,研究經(jīng)濟(jì)的規(guī)律發(fā)展模式。在我國由于特殊的歷史環(huán)境，我國的中小企業(yè)體制多樣,發(fā)展歷史普遍不長，在成長的道路上還需要很長的路要走。中小企業(yè)如何應(yīng)對當(dāng)前外貿(mào)出口中存在的問題和挑戰(zhàn)，是一個(gè)值得深思和探討的問題。本文論述了2008年美國次貸危機(jī)后中小企業(yè)對外貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀，提出了中小企業(yè)對外貿(mào)易中存在的問題和優(yōu)勢，并提出了一些對策。

關(guān)鍵詞 中小企業(yè)，對外貿(mào)易，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，對策，改革

ABSTRACT
With China to accelerate implementation of the "going out" strategy, China's foreign economic cooperation rapidly growing ranks of business entities, domestic investment and business in multinational enterprises of all types has grown to more than 3 million. Key role in large enterprises has become increasingly evident, while the majority of small and medium enterprises to develop overseas processing trade as the starting point, and actively expand the international market and has made positive progress, and gradually become the basis for an important force in foreign investment and cooperation.
     At present, China's enterprises, including SME, "going out" to carry out cross-border  investment and the scope of business activities have been almost all over the world, from the last century focused on the United States and Europe at 80 years, Hong Kong and Macao and a few developed countries and regions, the development of neighboring countries and Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe, CIS and other developing countries and regions; business continuously expanding, from the initial import and export trade, shipping and catering areas and a few extended to the manufacturing, resource use, transportation, project contracting, labor service cooperation, agriculture and agricultural comprehensive development, health, tourism and consulting services, and other fields, the growing trend of diversification significantly.
    SME is to promote the development of our national economy as an important force. China's accession to WTO, China's SME in foreign trade has been a rare opportunity for development, SME are the main enterprises in China. The vigor index reflects a country's economic and social success or failure, affecting people's livelihood is related to social stability. Therefore, all countries in economic development, improving people's livelihood, the laws of economic development. In our country due to special historical circumstances, institutional diversity of SME, is generally not a long history in the path of growth has a long way to go. SME exports in how to deal with the current problems and challenges, is a question worthy of careful consideration and discussion. This article discusses the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis in 2008 after the foreign trade of SME present situation of SME in foreign trade problems and advantages, and proposed some countermeasures.

Key words：  small and medium enterprises, foreign trade, economic crisis, measures to reform