摘 要


隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多。電梯作為高層建筑中垂直運(yùn)行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活密不可分。傳統(tǒng)的電梯控制系統(tǒng)采用的是繼電器邏輯控制電路，這種控制易出故障，維護(hù)不便，運(yùn)行壽命短，占地空間大，正逐步被淘汰。

在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)也得到了迅速發(fā)展，交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入一個(gè)嶄新的時(shí)代，其應(yīng)用越來越廣。隨著人們對(duì)電梯要求的提高，電梯得到了快速發(fā)展，其拖動(dòng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了調(diào)頻調(diào)壓調(diào)速，其邏輯控制也由PLC代替原來的繼電器控制。本文在已有的通用變頻器的基礎(chǔ)上，采用PLC對(duì)電梯進(jìn)行控制，通過合理的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)，提高了電梯的控制水平，并改善了電梯運(yùn)行的舒適感，使電梯達(dá)到了較為理想的控制效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：電梯；PLC控制；變頻調(diào)速；舒適感

 

Abstract


Along with the urban construction development unceasing, the high rise building increases unceasingly too. Elevator as a vertical transport operation in the high rise building, it was closely related to the people's daily life. The traditional elevator control system uses logic of the relay to control circuit, this kind of controls easily to be crash, maintains inconveniently, the movement life is short, and that occupying a large area of space, it being eliminated gradually.

With the development of the economy ,microelectronic technology、computer technology and the automatic theory are developed rapidly，the AC variable  frequency technology has been in a new state. Its application is becoming more and more widely. The elevator has developed quickly with the improving requirement of the people. Its dragging technology has developed from DC timing to AC variable frequency timing and its logic control-relay control also has been replaced by PLC，the article is based on the now-being general frequency converter，using PLC to control the elevator，the reliability is improved and the feeling of comfort is better through the reasonable selection and design，so the elevator of control is more ideal.

Keyword: elevator; PLC control; frequency conversion timing; feeling of comfort


 

目 錄


引 言 1

第一章 電梯概述 2

1.1 電梯的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展 2

1.2 電梯的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 3

1.2.1 電梯的主要組成部分 3

1.2.2 電梯的分類 5

1.2.3 電梯控制系統(tǒng)的組成 5

1.2.4 電梯的安全保護(hù)裝置 6

1.3 電梯控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能 7

第二章 元器件簡介及選型 8

2.1 可編程序控制器介紹及選型 8

2.1.1 PLC的定義和特點(diǎn) 8

2.1.2 PLC的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 9

2.1.3 PLC的工作原理 12

2.2 變頻器介紹及選型 13

2.2.1變頻器介紹 13

2.2.2 變頻器的基本構(gòu)成 14

2.2.3 變頻器的主要類型 14

2.2.4 變頻器選型 15

第三章 硬件設(shè)計(jì) 16

3.1 控制方案選擇 16

3.2 位置及速度檢測設(shè)備的分析及選擇 16

3.3 PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 17

3.4 PLC端口地址分配表 18

3.5 曳引變頻器參數(shù)設(shè)置及配線方法 22

3.6 速度給定曲線及減速及平層控制 23

3.7 控制系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的接口設(shè)計(jì) 24

第四章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 27

4.1 PLC單臺(tái)電梯控制系統(tǒng)的工作流程 27

4.2 PLC單臺(tái)電梯控制系統(tǒng)基本功能梯形圖分析 28

第五章 組態(tài)仿真 37

5.1 組態(tài)軟件簡介 37

5.1.1 組態(tài)軟件的功能 37

5.1.2 組態(tài)軟件的特點(diǎn) 38

5.2 電梯仿真控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟 38

5.3 組態(tài)虛擬電梯畫面及仿真 39

5.3.1 組態(tài)虛擬電梯畫面 40

5.3.2 仿真功能的實(shí)現(xiàn) 40

結(jié) 論 41

參考文獻(xiàn) 42

謝 辭 43

附錄 三菱FX2N PLC單臺(tái)電梯控制系統(tǒng)梯形圖 44