摘　要
數(shù)字化測圖是近幾年隨著計(jì)算機(jī)、地面測量儀器、數(shù)字化測圖軟件的應(yīng)用而迅速發(fā)展起來的全新內(nèi)容，廣泛用于測繪生產(chǎn)、水利水電工程、土地管理、城市規(guī)劃、環(huán)境保護(hù)和軍事工程等部門。數(shù)字化測圖作為一種全解析機(jī)助測圖技術(shù),與模擬測圖相比具有顯著優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展前景，是測繪發(fā)展的技術(shù)前言。目前許多測繪部門已經(jīng)形成了數(shù)字圖的規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。作為反映測繪技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化水平的標(biāo)志之一，數(shù)字測圖技術(shù)將逐步取代人工模擬測圖，成為地形測圖的主流。數(shù)字測圖技術(shù)的應(yīng)用發(fā)展,極大的促進(jìn)了測繪行業(yè)的自動化和現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程。使測量的成果不僅有繪在紙上的地形圖，還有方便傳輸、處理、共享的基礎(chǔ)信息，即數(shù)字地圖。是GIS的子系統(tǒng)。它將為信息時代地理信息的應(yīng)用發(fā)展提供最可靠的保障。簡要闡述了數(shù)字化測圖的概念及所引起的變革，介紹了野外數(shù)據(jù)的采集及全站儀在其中的運(yùn)用與注意事項(xiàng)。概述了1:10000地形圖在內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)字化生產(chǎn)中的流程及各部分的工作內(nèi)容。從結(jié)構(gòu)功能上分析了地理信息系統(tǒng)的概念及主要研究內(nèi)容，并且對當(dāng)前地理信息系統(tǒng)研究中的幾個熱點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域，如面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)、三維技術(shù)、圖像處理和人工智能技術(shù)等作了簡要介紹。
ABSTRACT
The digitized mapping is in recent years along with the computer, the ground survey instrument, the brand-new content which but the digitized mapping software application develops rapidly, widely uses in surveying and drawing departments and so on production, water conservation water and electricity project, land management, urban planning, environmental protection and military engineering. The digitized mapping took one kind of entire analytical engine helps the mapping technology, compares with the simulation mapping has the remarkable superiority and the prospects for development, is surveys and draws the development the technical foreword. At present many mapping departments already have formed the digital chart scale production. One of as reflection mapping technological modernity level symbols, the digital mapping technology gradually will substitute for the manual simulation mapping, will become the terrain mapping the mainstream. The application and development of digital mapping technology promote mapping profession automation and modernized advancement. Not only enable the survey the achievement to have draws on the paper the topographic diagram, but also has the convenience transmission, processing, the sharing foundation information, namely digital map. Is the GIS subsystem? It will provide the most reliable safeguard for the information age geography information application development. Elaborated briefly the digitized mapping concept and causes the transformation, introduced field data gathering and the entire station meter among utilization and the matters needing attention. Has outlined 1:10000 topographic diagrams in office work digitization production flow and various part of work content. Has analyzed the geographic information system concept and the main research content from the structure function, and to in current geographic information system research several hot spot research area, as if talking to you face to face to the object technology, the three dimensional technology, the imagery processing and the artificial intelligence technology and so on has made the brief introduction.
目　錄
1 地理信息 1
1.1 地理信息的定義 1
1.2 地理信息的研究內(nèi)容 2
1.3 地理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展動態(tài) 4
2 系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字測圖 5
2.1 數(shù)字測圖的概念 5
2.2 數(shù)字測圖的基本思想 5
2.3 數(shù)字測圖的作業(yè)過程 5
3 數(shù)字測圖系統(tǒng) 7
3.1 數(shù)字化的方法 7
3.2 數(shù)據(jù)編碼 7
4 全站儀的檢驗(yàn)和校正 9
4.1 經(jīng)緯儀在水平觀測時應(yīng)滿足的條件 9
4.2 野外數(shù)據(jù)采集 10
5 準(zhǔn)備工作 11
6 Cass3.0系統(tǒng)簡碼輸入 13
7 精密測角的誤差影響 14
7.1 外界條件的影響 14
7.2 水平度盤位移的影響 14
7.3 照準(zhǔn)部旋轉(zhuǎn)不正確的影響 14
7.4 照準(zhǔn)部水平微動螺旋作用不正確的影響 14
7.5 垂直微動螺旋作用不正確的影響。 15
8 精密測角的一般原則 16
結(jié)　論 17
致　謝 18
參考文獻(xiàn) 19