手持式智能抄表系統(tǒng)

摘要
    隨著電子產(chǎn)業(yè)的逐步發(fā)展及人們生活水平的不斷提高，密集的居住區(qū)為手持式智能抄表系統(tǒng)的推廣提供了必要條件。本文介紹了手持式智能抄表系統(tǒng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r后，針對(duì)人們最常用的單相電子式電能表設(shè)計(jì)手持式無(wú)線(xiàn)智能抄表系統(tǒng)。
本文首先針對(duì)課題進(jìn)行研究后確定研究方案及軟硬件設(shè)備，硬件電路包括電表電路和抄表電路兩部分；兩部分電路主要包括數(shù)據(jù)采集、紅外通訊、數(shù)碼管顯示、鍵盤(pán)、存儲(chǔ)、串口六大模塊。根據(jù)整體方案對(duì)各個(gè)模塊的功能進(jìn)行介紹及對(duì)硬件電路進(jìn)行原理圖設(shè)計(jì)和PCB板設(shè)計(jì)。軟件主要應(yīng)用Altium Designer進(jìn)行PCB板制作和Keil C軟件進(jìn)行程序編寫(xiě)。
本方案用STC89C52單片機(jī)作為主控單元，對(duì)其針對(duì)各個(gè)功能分別進(jìn)行串口擴(kuò)充。電表電路與抄表電路之間應(yīng)用ZiLOG公司的ZHX1010芯片進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)之間傳輸無(wú)線(xiàn)化，而且大大提高了工作效率。本設(shè)計(jì)具有使用方便、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、操作簡(jiǎn)單的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。相信今后無(wú)線(xiàn)化及小型化的抄表系統(tǒng)將逐步推廣。
關(guān)鍵字：智能抄表 電表電路 STC89C52 紅外通訊

ABSTRACT
  With the development of the electronic industry and people's improving living standards, it is necessary for the intensive residential area to promote hand-held intelligent meter reading system. The development of this system is described in the article, including domestic and overseas. Moreover, we will discuss the most commonly used handheld wireless intelligent meter reading system which is designed by the single-phase electronic energy meter.
After the discussing of this issue, the research programs and the devices of hardware and software are determined. The hardware circuits are composed of two parts, including meter circuit and reading meter circuit; two parts of the  circuit include six modules, which is data acquisition, infrared data association, LED digital display, keyboard, memory, serials . According to the overall program, the function of each module is described and schematic of the hardware circuit and PCB is designed. The software mainly uses the PCB by Altium Designer and software programming by the Keil C.
T he main control unit of this program is MCU STC89C52, whose serial port expansion is based on each separate function. The ZHX1010 chip of ZiLOG Company is applied for data transmission between the meter circuit and the meter reading circuit. It not only achieves a wireless transformation between the data, but also improves the working efficiency. The design has many advantages, such as easy to use, flexible to adapt, simple to operate. I believe that the meter reading system for wireless and miniaturization will be gradually extended in the future.
   Keywords: intelligent meter reading system; meter circuit ;STC89C52;infrared data association
 

目錄

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 選題背景及意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)智能抄表系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 本文主要研究工作 2
第二章 手持式無(wú)線(xiàn)智能抄表系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 3
2.1 手持式無(wú)線(xiàn)智能抄表系統(tǒng)整體結(jié)構(gòu) 3
2.2 手持式無(wú)線(xiàn)智能抄表系統(tǒng)硬件方案 3
2.3 手持式無(wú)線(xiàn)抄表系統(tǒng)軟件方案 4
第三章 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 6
3.1數(shù)據(jù)采集電路的設(shè)計(jì) 6
3.1.1ICL7135型A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器 6
3.1.2模擬電子開(kāi)關(guān) 9
3.1.3分頻電路 10
3.1.4極性反轉(zhuǎn)電源轉(zhuǎn)換器 11
3.2 STC89C52RC單片機(jī)控制電路的設(shè)計(jì) 11
3.2.1 STC89C52RC單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 11
3.2.2 STC89C52RC單片機(jī)主要性能 11
3.2.3 STC89C52RC單片機(jī)的引腳及相關(guān)功能描述 12
3.2.4 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 13
3.3鍵盤(pán)電路的設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.3.1鍵盤(pán)的工作原理 16
3.3.2鍵盤(pán)的分類(lèi) 16
3.3.3硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 16
3.4數(shù)碼管顯示電路的設(shè)計(jì) 18
3.4.1數(shù)碼管顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 19
3.4.2數(shù)碼管顯示位選電路 20
3.5 單片機(jī)串口通信電路的設(shè)計(jì) 20
3.5.1RS-232C標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 21
3.5.2硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) 22
3.6 紅外通信電路的設(shè)計(jì) 22
3.7 存儲(chǔ)電路的設(shè)計(jì) 25
3.8 PCB電路板的設(shè)計(jì) 27
3.8.1 Altium Designer簡(jiǎn)介 27
3.8.2 元器件的PCB封裝 28
3.9.3 PCB電路的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程 32
第四章 軟件的設(shè)計(jì) 34
4.1 開(kāi)發(fā)軟件 34
4.1.1Keil C51概述 34
4.1.2 Keil µVision4集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境介紹 34
4.1.3 Keil µVision4集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境的界面 35
4.2 程序流程 36
4.2.1 總控制電路的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 36
4.2.2鍵盤(pán)電路的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 37
4.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)采集電路的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 39
4.2.4 數(shù)碼管顯示電路的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 40
4.2.5紅外通訊電路的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 41
4.2.6串口通信的程序流程與實(shí)現(xiàn) 42
4.2.7存儲(chǔ)電路的程序流程和實(shí)現(xiàn) 43
第五章 總結(jié) 45
參考文獻(xiàn) 46
附錄 47
致謝 51