摘要

在科學(xué)技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，人類已經(jīng)入瞬息萬變的信息時(shí)代，人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ?，生產(chǎn)過程中，主要依靠檢測(cè)技術(shù)對(duì)信息經(jīng)獲取、篩選和傳輸，來實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)控制，自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，目前我國已將檢測(cè)技術(shù)列入優(yōu)先發(fā)展的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。 由于微電子技術(shù)，光電半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)，光導(dǎo)纖維技術(shù)以及光柵技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得光電傳感器的應(yīng)用與日俱增。這種傳感器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、非接觸、高可靠性、高精度、可測(cè)參數(shù)多、反應(yīng)快以及結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,形式靈活多樣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在自動(dòng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，它一種是以光電效應(yīng)為理論基礎(chǔ)，由光電材料構(gòu)成的器件。它可用于檢測(cè)直接引起光量變化的非電量，如光強(qiáng)、光照度、輻射測(cè)溫、氣體成分分析等；也可用來檢測(cè)能轉(zhuǎn)換成光量變化的其他非電量，如零件直徑、表面粗糙度、應(yīng)變、位移、振動(dòng)、速度、加速度，以及物體的形狀、工作狀態(tài)的識(shí)別等。光電式傳感器具有非接觸、響應(yīng)快、性能可靠等特點(diǎn)，因此在工業(yè)自動(dòng)化裝置和機(jī)器人中獲得廣泛應(yīng)用。


關(guān)鍵字：　光電元件　　傳感器分類　傳感器應(yīng)用







ABSTRACT
The photoelectric transducer adopts the photoelectric component as the transducer measuring the component. It changes the change measured into a change of the optical signal at first, then further change the optical signal into an electric signal through the photoelectric component. The photoelectric transducer is generally made up of light source, optical thorough fare and photoelectric component three parts. The photoelectric detection method has precision high, reacts fast, advantage of exposed to ing etc.s, and can examine the parameter more, the transducer is of simple structure, the form is flexible, so, it is very extensive that the photoelectricity type transducer is employed in measuring and controlling. The photoelectric transducer realizes the key component that the photoelectricity changes in various photoelectric detection systems, it change into electric device of signal optical signal (infrared can seeing and purple other ray radiation). The photoelectricity type transducer is regarded photoelectric device as and changed the transducer of the component. It was not electric consumption that it caused the light quantity to change directly that it can be used for measuring, only strong, illuminance, radiation examine warmly, the gas composition is analyzed etc.; Other ones that can also be used and measured and can change into a light quantity and change are not the electric consumption such as part diameter, surface roughness, meets an emergency, the displacement, vibration, pace, acceleration, and the form of object, discernment of working state,etc.. The photoelectricity type transducer is not exposed to, respond the fast, reliable characteristic of performance, so won extensive application in the industrial automation device and machine philtrum. In recent years, new Devices photoelectric constantly emerge, especially CCD picture the births of transducer, transducers photoelectric the further to last chapter innovated to turn on.

Keywords： Photoelectric component Transducer classification Application of transducer



目錄
第一章 緒論........................................................1
1.1 傳感器發(fā)展史..................................................1
1.2光電傳感概述...................................................2
第二章 光電傳感器基本原理..........................................3
2.1 光電效應(yīng).....................................................3
2.2 光電元件及特性...............................................3
2.3 光電傳感器...................................................6
第三章 CCD傳感器..................................................11
3.1 光固態(tài)圖象傳感器............................................11
3.1.1 CCD的結(jié)構(gòu)和基本原理.....................................11
3.1.2 線型CCD圖像傳感器.......................................12
3.1.3 面型CCD圖像傳感器.......................................13
3.2 CCD圖像傳感器應(yīng)用...........................................15
3.2.1 工件尺寸檢測(cè)............................................15
3.2.2 CCD傳感器在公共交通上的應(yīng)用.............................16
第四章 光纖傳感器..................................................17
4.1 光纖傳感器的原理和組成......................................17
4.2 光纖傳感器的類型及特點(diǎn)......................................17
4.3 光纖傳感器的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域........................................18
4.4 光纖傳感器（FOS）應(yīng)用原理...................................20
4.5 光纖傳感器的實(shí)際應(yīng)用........................................21
4.5.1 光纖液位傳感器..........................................22
4.5.2 電力工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用........................................22
第五章 其它光電傳感器.............................................25
5.1 高速光電二極管..............................................25
5.1.1 PIN結(jié)光電二極管.........................................25
5.1.2 雪崩光電二極管(APD) .....................................26
5.2 色敏光電傳感..