真空斷路器永磁機(jī)構(gòu)智能控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

摘要

作為一種新型的操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，永磁操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)具有零部件數(shù)量少、可靠性高、免維護(hù)等傳統(tǒng)斷路器操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)所無(wú)法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，受到了世界各國(guó)的普遍關(guān)注。
本次設(shè)計(jì)主要是對(duì)中壓斷路器永磁操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的原理、靜態(tài)吸力、動(dòng)態(tài)特性及控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究分析，并對(duì)永磁機(jī)構(gòu)斷路器的智能化進(jìn)行了探討。其中靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)的計(jì)算采用了目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的有限元方法，對(duì)永磁單獨(dú)作用的機(jī)構(gòu)靜態(tài)吸力特性和激磁電流與永磁共同作用的吸力特性進(jìn)行了分析計(jì)算。在動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算中本文根據(jù)永磁和激磁電流共同作用這一特點(diǎn)，建立了相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，給出了動(dòng)態(tài)微分方程組的求解方法，并對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了分析。通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的計(jì)算，獲得了電容放電激磁下的永磁操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)線圈電流、產(chǎn)生的磁力、動(dòng)鐵心的速度、位移及電容電壓隨時(shí)間變化的曲線，并分析了各項(xiàng)電參數(shù)對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響，為產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。
本次設(shè)計(jì)探討了基于單片機(jī)的高壓真空斷路器雙穩(wěn)態(tài)永磁機(jī)構(gòu)智能控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，這種控制系統(tǒng)集保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量、開(kāi)關(guān)量監(jiān)測(cè)等功能于一體?？蓪?shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電壓、電流、有功功率、無(wú)功功率的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)，具有過(guò)電流速斷保護(hù)、過(guò)電壓和欠電壓保護(hù)、閉鎖、自診斷以及報(bào)警等功能。在設(shè)計(jì)的最后部分，探討了中壓真空斷路器的智能控制和同步關(guān)合技術(shù)。
關(guān)鍵詞：永磁機(jī)構(gòu)；智能控制；真空斷路器

Abstract

As a kind of new Actuator of Circuit Breaker,Permanent Magnetic Actuator(PMA)has the advantage of less parts,higher reliability and maintenance-free and so on,so it has been paid more and more attention by people all over the world.
In the paper,the mostly work is the study on Middle-voltage Circuit Breaker PMA,its principle,the static characteristic,the dynamic characteristic and the control system.In the calculation of static magnetic field,the Finite Element Method(FEM)is used.The force characteristic of PMA with exciting current and without exciting current are calculated and analyzed.Because the dynamic character of PMA is affected by permanent magnet and exciting current,in this paper,new mathematic model and equation are established and the calculation result is analyzed.The data of exciting current,magnetic force,Moving-core velocity,Moving-core displacement and capacitance voltage at any time during opening and closeing operation and every factor's effect on dynamic character are obtained.
In the paper，the intelligent control unit based on single-chip microprocessor for intelligent breaker integreates many functions such as protection,control,and measurement.The signals of currents,voltages，active power and reactive power are monitored in real time.The control unit can not only control opening/closing operation of circuit breaker,but also has the functions of over-current/under-voltage trip，closing/opening interlock for mal-operation and diagnosis and warning for the failure of the operation system.In the final part,the paper focuses on the intelligent control and Synchronous Closing Technique of vacuum circuit breaker.
Keywords:Permanent Magnetic Actuator;Intelligent control;Vacuum circuit breaker

 
目錄

0 前言 1
1 概述 2
1.1 設(shè)計(jì)研究的意義及內(nèi)容 2
1.2 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展及前景 3
2 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其工作原理 6
2.1 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 6
2.2 雙穩(wěn)態(tài)永磁機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)與驅(qū)動(dòng)原理 6
3 永磁操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的靜、動(dòng)態(tài)特性 10
3.1 永磁操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的靜態(tài)特性 10
3.1.1 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)的磁路分析 10
3.1.2 雙穩(wěn)態(tài)永磁機(jī)構(gòu)靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)特性 14
3.2 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性 17
3.2.1 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)分析的數(shù)學(xué)模型 17
3.2.2 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性微分方程組的求解 19
3.2.3 求解電磁場(chǎng)逆問(wèn)題的算法 20
3.2.4 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)真空斷路器動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析 21
4 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)的控制系統(tǒng) 23
4.1 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原則 23
4.2 控制器總體設(shè)計(jì) 23
4.3 控制系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 27
4.4 硬件模塊設(shè)計(jì) 27
4.4.1 電源設(shè)計(jì) 28
4.4.2 斷路器分、合閘狀態(tài)的檢測(cè) 28
4.4.3 CPU模塊 29
4.4.4 信號(hào)輸入單元 30
4.4.5 信號(hào)輸出單元 31
4.4.6 硬件監(jiān)控電路 31
4.5 電磁兼容抗干擾技術(shù) 32
5 智能控制設(shè)計(jì) 34
5.1 智能識(shí)別控制算法 34
5.2 同步關(guān)合技術(shù) 34
5.2.1 同步關(guān)合技術(shù)的意義 34
5.2.2 永磁機(jī)構(gòu)斷路器的同步關(guān)合技術(shù) 35
5.3 軟件設(shè)計(jì) 46
5.3.1 主程序模塊 47
5.3.2 與上位機(jī)通信的程序設(shè)計(jì) 48
5.3.3 軟件抗干擾設(shè)計(jì) 53
6 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 55
7 結(jié)論 56
致謝 57
參考文獻(xiàn) 58
附錄A   譯文 60
附錄Ｂ  外文原文 69