摘 要

遠距離高壓輸電線路所處的地理環(huán)境、氣候條件比較惡劣，作為電力輸送樞紐的輸電線路具有分散性大、距離長、難以維護等特點。采用人工巡視的方法，一般巡視周期為一個月，而在巡視期內(nèi)線路及周邊的環(huán)境情況是不得而知的。在這種情況下，電力系統(tǒng)能否可靠穩(wěn)定的運行，在很大程度上取決于數(shù)據(jù)采集的實時性和遠程監(jiān)測的穩(wěn)定性。因此設(shè)計一款具有高可靠性，實時性和較高性價比的電力線路遠程監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)成為一種必需。
本文針對電力線路遠程監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向，結(jié)合實用性和經(jīng)濟性提出了一種嶄新的解決方案，設(shè)計出了基于AVR單片機的電力線路監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。通過傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)將運行線路的電壓、電流、溫度、風(fēng)速等信號參數(shù)傳輸?shù)洁徑陌惭b在桿塔上的基站，基站再通過GPRS公網(wǎng)將監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)剿徒o遠方的調(diào)度中心，以供運行人員對數(shù)據(jù)曲線進行分析。該設(shè)計方案不僅實現(xiàn)了多信道的設(shè)備狀態(tài)參數(shù)的采集和預(yù)處理功能，而且能夠極大程度的提高輸電線路的安全經(jīng)濟運行水平，并為輸電線路的狀態(tài)檢修工作提供必要的參考。
關(guān)鍵詞：電力線路；監(jiān)測；AVR單片機；GPRS

Abstract

Long-distance high voltage transmission lines are relatively located in poor geographical and climate condition. The power transmission line as a transportation hub have the characteristics of large dispersion, long distance, difficult to maintain and so on. The general inspection period of manual method will cost one month, yet within the area of inspection line the surrounding environment is unknown. Under this circumstances, the reliable and stable running of power system mainly rely on the real-time for data acquisition as well as stability for remote monitoring，therefore it is necessary to design a remote monitoring system for power line with prominent reliability, real-time and cost performance.
This paper, aimed at the tendency of remote monitoring system of power lines, combined with practicality and economy, provided a new solution and a monitoring system which is based on AVR microcontroller .The voltage, current, temperature, wind speed and other parameters will be transmitted to the neighboring tower installed in the base stations through sensor network, then through the public GPRS network the base station transmitted the monitoring data to the dispatch center where operating personnel could analyze the data curve. This design not only achieved the function of collecting multi-channel parameters and pre-processing, but can greatly improve the running level at the aspects of security and economy as well as provide necessary reference for condition maintenance of the power lines.
Key words: power lines; monitoring; AVR Microcontroller; GPRS 

目錄

0前言 1
1 概述 2
1.1 電力線路遠程監(jiān)測發(fā)展背景 2
1.1.1 電力線路遠程監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的概述 2
1.1.2 計算機保護的發(fā)展歷史 3
1.1.3 計算機保護的國內(nèi)外研究概況與發(fā)展趨勢 3
1.1.4電力監(jiān)測的重要性 4
1.2電力監(jiān)測方案 5
1.3論文所做的工作 5
2 傳感器信號檢測 6
2.1 模擬量數(shù)據(jù)采集單元 6
2.1.1 電壓/電流互感器電路及其工作原理 6
2.1.2溫度傳感器 10
2.1.3 風(fēng)速傳感器 11
3系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 14
3.1 系統(tǒng)硬件總體設(shè)計 14
3.2 AD轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 15
3.3 I/V轉(zhuǎn)換電路 17
3.4 通信單元的設(shè)計 17
3.5 單片機最小系統(tǒng)模塊 19
3.6 光電隔離電路 21
3.7 采樣原理 22
3.8 電源部分 23
4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 25
4.1 系統(tǒng)軟件的總體設(shè)計 25
4.2 監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu) 25
4.3 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換程序設(shè)計 26
4.4 電壓、電流采樣算法 26
4.4.1 電壓、電流的計算 26
4.4.2 電壓、電流的采集程序 27
4.5 溫度、風(fēng)速監(jiān)測程序設(shè)計 30
4.6 無線通信模塊程序設(shè)計 31
4.6.1 M22無線模塊啟動信息傳輸 31
4.6.2 無線通信模塊電路設(shè)計 32
5 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟分析 34
6 結(jié)論 35
致謝 36
參考文獻 37
附錄A  譯文 38
附錄Ｂ  外文文獻 43