摘要
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步，特別是自70年代初以來，微處理器的問世促使計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，在世界范圍內(nèi)旨起了一聲新的技術(shù)革命，并推動(dòng)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)入到信息時(shí)代。
單片機(jī)被廣泛地用于各種儀器儀表，使儀器儀表智能化，并可以提高測(cè)量的自動(dòng)化程度和精度，簡(jiǎn)化儀器儀表的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，提高其性能價(jià)格比。以原有的數(shù)據(jù)采集及處理系統(tǒng)，本人針對(duì)這方面設(shè)計(jì)了基于單片機(jī)的高速數(shù)據(jù)采集及處理系統(tǒng)。
在本設(shè)計(jì)中使用單片機(jī)，不但說明單片機(jī)已成為計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展和應(yīng)用的一個(gè)重要方面。另一方面，單片機(jī)應(yīng)用的重要意義還在于，它從根本上改變了傳統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思想和設(shè)計(jì)方法。從前必須由模擬電路或數(shù)字電路實(shí)現(xiàn)的大部分功能，現(xiàn)在可以用單片機(jī)通過軟件方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞：微處理器；單片機(jī)；數(shù)據(jù)采集；處理；
   
 
ABSTRACT
Along with society's development and the progress, specially since the beginning of the 70's, microprocessor being published have urged the computer technology rapid development and the application, the aim got up a new technological revolution in the worldwide scale, and impels the human society to enter to the information age.
The monolithic integrated circuit widely uses in each kind of instrument measuring appliance, causes the instrument measuring appliance intellectualization, and may enhance the survey the     automaticity and the precision, simplifies the instrument measuring appliance the hardware architecture, enhances its performance price ratio. By the original data acquisition and the processing system, myself have designed in view of this aspect based on monolithic integrated circuit high speed data gathering and the processing system.
Uses the monolithic integrated circuit in this design, not only explained the monolithic integrated circuit has become the computer development and an application important aspect. On the other hand, the monolithic integrated circuit application vital significance also lies in, it fundamentally changed the traditional control system design concept and the design method. Formerly had the majority of functions which realized by the analogous circuit or the digital circuit, now may use the monolithic integrated circuit to realize through the software method.
Key word: Microprocessor; Monolithic integrated circuit; Data acquisition; Proce

目錄

1緒論……………………………………………………………………1
1.1數(shù)據(jù)采集及處理系統(tǒng)的意義和任務(wù)………………………………1
1.1.1數(shù)據(jù)采集意義和任務(wù)………………………………………………1
1.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)處理的類型和任務(wù)…………………………………………1
1.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集基本功能…………………………………………………2
1.3數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式…………………………………………3
1.3.2 集散型數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)……………………………………………4
2 多單片機(jī)高速數(shù)據(jù)采集處理系統(tǒng)……………………………………5
2.１系統(tǒng)方案的確定……………………………………………………5
2.1.1 系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)…………………………………………………5
2.1.2系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)框圖……………………………………………………6
3系統(tǒng)的模擬輸入通道…………………………………………………8
3.1多路轉(zhuǎn)換器…………………………………………………………8
3.1.2采樣/保持器………………………………………………………9
3.2A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器…………………………………………………………11
3.2.1 逐次逼近型AD574………………………………………………11
3.2.2AD574轉(zhuǎn)換器與微型機(jī)接口技術(shù)………………………………14
4 系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)及擴(kuò)展…………………………………………16
4.1微型控制器AT89S52………………………………………………16
4.1.1 主要性能…………………………………………………………17
4.1.2 功能特性…………………………………………………………17
4.1.3 引腳功能…………………………………………………………17
4.1.4 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………20
4.2 雙口RAMIDT7132………………………………………………21
4.2.1 IDT7132的各腳分布……………………………………………21
4.2.2 IDT7132芯片的特點(diǎn)……………………………………………22
4.2.3 IDT7132在高速數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用………………………22
4.3微處理器監(jiān)控芯片MAX813L……………………………………23
4.4擴(kuò)展I/O接口………………………………………………………26
4.4.1 8255A并行I/O擴(kuò)展接口………………………………………27
5系統(tǒng)人機(jī)交互通道與接口技術(shù)………………………………………29
5.1鍵盤、顯示器與單片機(jī)接口………………………………………29
5.1.1專用芯片8279與鍵盤、顯示器接口……………………………29
5.2微型打印機(jī)與單片機(jī)接口…………………………………………32
5.2.1GP16微型打印機(jī)打印命令和字符編碼…………………………32
5.2.2 GP16微型打印機(jī)與AT89S52的接口應(yīng)用……………………34
6系統(tǒng)抗干擾技術(shù)………………………………………………………35
6.1系統(tǒng)主機(jī)單元配置與抗干擾技術(shù)…………………………………35
6.1.1單片機(jī)主機(jī)單元配置與抗干擾…………………………………35
6.1.2微處理器監(jiān)控器MAX813L……………………………………36
6.2模擬輸入通道與坑干擾技術(shù)………………………………………36
6.2.1A/D單元配置與抗干擾技術(shù)……………………………………36
6.2.2采樣保持電路與抗干擾技術(shù)……………………………………36
6.2.3多路模擬開關(guān)與抗干擾技術(shù)……………………………………37
6.3鍵盤/單元配置與抗與抗干擾技術(shù)…………………………………37
6.4軟件抗干擾原理與設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………38
6.4.1軟件抗干擾一般方法……………………………………………38
6.4.2數(shù)字濾波…………………………………………………………38
7 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………39
7.1系統(tǒng)軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………39
7.2程序模塊的功能……………………………………………………40
8 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析………………………………………………………46
9結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………47
致謝……………………………………………………………………48