摘   要

隨著電力系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷的增加，對無功功率的需求也日益增加。由于無功功率在電網(wǎng)中傳輸會造成有功損耗以及受電端電壓下降，因此大量的無功功率在電網(wǎng)中傳輸必然使電能利用率大大降低且嚴(yán)重影響供電質(zhì)量。在電網(wǎng)中的適當(dāng)位置裝設(shè)無功補償裝置成為滿足電網(wǎng)無功需求的必要手段。
論文分析了無功補償?shù)脑砗湍康?，針對?dāng)前低壓無功補償?shù)那闆r，給出了無功補償?shù)碾x線優(yōu)化方法，并結(jié)合輻射狀電網(wǎng)和非輻射狀電網(wǎng)得出相應(yīng)的補償容量。在實時補償方面，針對不同的負(fù)荷狀況,根據(jù)配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)電容器組優(yōu)化投切模型，從實時的角度研究電容器組的投切，推導(dǎo)出電容器組實時投切的線性整數(shù)模型以及這種模型的解法。對一些無功變化迅速的負(fù)荷，則給出直接以無功功率做控制量的簡單模型。
設(shè)計了一套以80C196KB單片機為核心的智能無功補償裝置，該裝置以無功功率最小作為控制策略，以電壓作為約束條件。論文闡述了該控制器的硬件原理及電路圖和軟件框圖。
關(guān)鍵詞:有功損耗;無功補償;80C196KB單片機

Abstract

Due to increasing loads of electric power system, demand on reactive power was also increasing. Because transmission of reactive power in electric network can lead to network loss and step-down voltage, transmission of a great deal of reactive power necessarily resulted in reduction of using efficiency of power energy and severely effected voltage quality. It became necessary means that reactive power compensation devices were installed in proper position of electric network.
This paper introduced the principle and objective of var compensation, present the model of reactive power optimization planning about low voltage system. According as radiant or other power system, the compensatory capability was gained. On real time compensation, aimed at different load condition, based the former research. This paper deduced the linear integer model for capacitor switching and gave the resolving. And introduced the simple model direct on reactive power to some load where the reactive power changed rapidly.
An intelligent device was designed for var compensation. The device took the 80C196KB single chip micro-controller as main control chip, took reactive power as control target and took voltage as restricting condition. In this paper, it expounded the principle and electric circuits of hardware and the design of software.
Key words: Power Loss; Var Compensation; 80C196KB Single Chip

 
目錄

0  前言 1
1  概述 2
1.1  課題背景 2
1.2  國內(nèi)外對無功功率研究 4
1.3  負(fù)荷無功補償?shù)哪康暮鸵饬x 6
1.4  目前負(fù)荷補償?shù)牟蛔?nbsp;7
1.5  本設(shè)計的主要工作 8
2  低壓終端無功補償?shù)睦碚摵脱a償策略 10
2.1  負(fù)荷無功補償原理 10
2.1.1  感性負(fù)載端并聯(lián)電容器補償 10
2.1.2  感性負(fù)載端并聯(lián)同步補償機 13
2.1.3  感性負(fù)載端串聯(lián)電容器補償 14
2.2  低壓無功補償方式 14
2.2.1  線路補償 14
2.2.2  終端補償 15
2.3  低壓無功補償?shù)暮侠砼渲迷瓌t 16
2.4  低壓終端無功補償策略研究 17
2.4.1  離線補償策略 18
2.4.2  實時動態(tài)補償策略 21
3  控制系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計 23
3.1  系統(tǒng)硬件總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 23
3.1.1  8OC196KB芯片的特點 23
3.1.2  控制器存儲空間擴展 24
3.2  系統(tǒng)硬件的各部分組成及功能 25
3.2.1  鍵盤電路 25
3.2.2  顯示電路 26
3.2.3  通信接口電路 26
3.2.4  數(shù)據(jù)采集通道電路 27
3.2.5  電容器組投切電路 29
4  控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 31
4.1  系統(tǒng)總體軟件設(shè)計 31
4.2  鍵盤顯示接口軟件設(shè)計 32
4.3  通信軟件設(shè)計 33
4.4  數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件設(shè)計 34
4.5  計算部分軟件設(shè)計 34
5  控制系統(tǒng)的抗干擾設(shè)計 36
6  技術(shù)經(jīng)濟分析 38
7  結(jié)論 39
致 謝 40
參考文獻 41
附錄A  譯文 42
附錄B  外文文獻 50