智能住宅防盜防火報(bào)警系統(tǒng)

摘要

    隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的大幅度提高，人們對住宅的需求已從追求簡單的生存空間向著追求質(zhì)量、功能、服務(wù)等多重需求過渡。
    本文介紹了住宅智能化中的防盜防火報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。智能化住宅防盜防火報(bào)警系統(tǒng)集防盜防火功能于一體，可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動檢測與自動電話撥號報(bào)警。自動檢測是指由紅外探測與微波探測器構(gòu)成的雙鑒探測器實(shí)現(xiàn)盜情檢測，同時(shí)由溫度探測器、光電感煙探測器和一氧化碳探測器集為一體的復(fù)合式火災(zāi)探測器完成火情檢測。多傳感器的應(yīng)用實(shí)現(xiàn)了低誤報(bào)率，增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)可靠性。自動電話撥號報(bào)警是指通過電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)自動向相關(guān)部門發(fā)出語音求救信號。當(dāng)防盜、防火探測器檢測到險(xiǎn)情的時(shí)候，向單片機(jī)發(fā)出中斷申請，再由單片機(jī)控制電話接口電路，實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬摘機(jī)，根據(jù)險(xiǎn)情類別，自動撥打相關(guān)部門的電話號碼如小區(qū)管理中心電話。
本系統(tǒng)通過密碼來識別主人身份，系統(tǒng)開啟后只有輸入正確的密碼才能關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)。用戶端自動報(bào)警模塊與管理中心控制模塊間利用profibus-DP現(xiàn)場總線通訊方式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)通訊，完成報(bào)警信息的可靠傳輸。管理中心主控計(jì)算機(jī)在查詢到報(bào)警信號的同時(shí)能夠及時(shí)顯示，并能實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的報(bào)警信息查詢、用戶信息管理、操作員信息管理等功能。該系統(tǒng)同時(shí)還具有自診斷功能，出現(xiàn)故障能自動進(jìn)行處理。系統(tǒng)從硬件和軟件兩方面進(jìn)行了抗干擾設(shè)計(jì)，使其具有較好的抗干擾能力，完成系統(tǒng)可靠工作。
關(guān)鍵詞：智能報(bào)警系統(tǒng)；防盜防火；自動撥號；語音報(bào)警；數(shù)據(jù)通訊

Abstract

    With the rapid development of communication technique and great improvement of standard of people's living, the need of house has been changed from only the living space to multiform needs of quality, function, service, and so on.
    A kind of intelligent alarm system for residential area is introduced. It includes the functions of theft-proof and fireproof, performing automatic detection and automatic dial. Pyroelectric infrared sensor and Microwave sensor combined are used for theft-proof so as to realize automatic detection. Temperature sensor, Photoelectric smoke sensor and CO sensor are integrated to a compound detector for fireproof. Multi-sensors make the least false alarm and enhance the reliability of system. Automatic dial means that it can send help voice through public telephone switch network to the bureau. When the sensor of fireproofing or burglarproof detects any off normal signal, an interrupt request is sent to the MCU. Next the MCU control the interface module of telephone to accomplish off hook. According the kind of dangerous the dialing module will automatically dial the right phone number such as the phone number of surveillant center.
    The system discerns the master by the secret code. Only imputed correct secret code, could system be closed.  Each module is controlled by a microcomputer and they communicate each other by profibus-DP in order to achieve credible transmission. The computer in surveillant center will display the information as soon as it inquires the alarm signal. Definite functions such as alarm information query, user-info management and operator's info management can be realized. The system is designed by considering the anti-interference in the side of the hardware and software. It can work with high reliability.
Key words: intelligent alarm system; theft-proof and fireproof; automatic dial; phonetic alarm; data traffic

前言………………………………………………………………………………1
1 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案……………………………………………………………2
1.1 智能報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的總體構(gòu)成…………………………………………………2
1.2 報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的功能及工作過程………………………………………………3
2 用戶端探測器設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………5
2.1 防盜探測器電路設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………5
2.1.1 熱釋電紅外線探測器………………………………………………………5
2.1.2 微波探測器………………………………………………………………10
2.2 防火探測器電路設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………12
2.2.1 溫度探測器………………………………………………………………13
2.2.2 光電感煙探測器…………………………………………………………14
2.2.3 氣體探測器………………………………………………………………17
3 用戶端自動報(bào)警器設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………18
3.1 用戶端自動報(bào)警器總體設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………18
3.1.1 自動報(bào)警器電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………18
3.1.2 串行EEPROM-X25045……………………………………………………19
3.2 自動撥號及語音報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………21
3.2.1 撥號電路…………………………………………………………………21
3.2.2 語音電路…………………………………………………………………26
3.2.3 電話接口電路……………………………………………………………29
3.3 鍵盤與密碼顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………30
3.3.1 鍵盤電路…………………………………………………………………30
3.3.2 按鍵去抖動………………………………………………………………31
3.3.3 密碼顯示電路……………………………………………………………31
3.4 系統(tǒng)電源的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………32
3.4.1 主電源……………………………………………………………………32
3.4.2 備用電源…………………………………………………………………33
3.5 用戶端自動報(bào)警器硬件電路的連接與調(diào)試………………………………34
3.5.1 探測器電路調(diào)試…………………………………………………………34
3.5.2 自動報(bào)警器電路調(diào)試……………………………………………………35
3.6 用戶端自動報(bào)警器軟件編制與調(diào)試………………………………………35
3.6.1 控制模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………35
3.6.2 DTMF撥號模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………37
3.6.3 語音模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………38
3.6.4 密碼及顯示模塊程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………38
4 管理監(jiān)控中心中央控制器設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………40
4.1 中央控制器硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………40
4.2 中央控制器軟件編制………………………………………………………40
5 系統(tǒng)的通訊機(jī)制………………………………………………………………43
5.1 通訊模塊……………………………………………………………………43
5.1.1 串行通訊接口電路總體設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………43
5.1.2 用戶端自動報(bào)警器側(cè)RS485接口電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………43
5.1.3 主控計(jì)算機(jī)側(cè)RS485/RS232轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)……………………………44
5.1.4 光電耦合電路……………………………………………………………45
5.2 報(bào)警系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………45
5.3 報(bào)警信息數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………46
6 系統(tǒng)的抗干擾措施……………………………………………………………47
6.1 系統(tǒng)硬件抗干擾措施………………………………………………………47
6.2 系統(tǒng)軟件抗干擾措施………………………………………………………48
7 效益分析………………………………………………………………………50
結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………51
致謝  ……………………………………………………………………………52
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………53
附錄A 譯文……………………………………………………………………54
附錄B 外文文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………64
附錄C自動撥號語音報(bào)警程序…………………………………………………75