年產(chǎn)1000噸苯甲酸鈉的工藝設(shè)計(jì)

摘  要
苯甲酸鈉是一種重要的精細(xì)化工產(chǎn)品，主要在食品工業(yè)用作食品防腐劑。本設(shè)計(jì)以甲苯、氧氣為原料,在MnCl2與NHPI組成的混合催化劑中氧化，得到的粗苯甲酸經(jīng)過蒸餾得到純凈的苯甲酸，再經(jīng)NaOH中和反應(yīng)及活性炭脫色后，制得無色透明的苯甲酸鈉。研究了不同催化劑的反應(yīng)性能、催化劑的物質(zhì)的量比對(duì)催化活性的影響及反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)反應(yīng)的影響。結(jié)果表明，NHPI/MnCl2催化體系對(duì)甲苯氧化生成苯甲酸有良好的催化性能，優(yōu)化的工藝條件為：          
n(MnCl2)∶n(NHPI)=5×10－2、n(催化劑)∶n(甲苯)=10.5%、溫度100℃、反應(yīng)時(shí)間為13h。在此條件下甲苯的轉(zhuǎn)化率能達(dá)到75.4%。這種改進(jìn)的催化體系在溫和條件下提高了反應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)化率和苯甲酸的選擇性，在工業(yè)上有重要的用途。
本設(shè)計(jì)工藝計(jì)算部分包括物料衡算、熱量衡算以及主要設(shè)備的選型。制圖包括工藝流程圖、車間布置圖、主要設(shè)備圖。

關(guān)鍵詞 
苯甲酸鈉  催化  中和  脫色  轉(zhuǎn)化率
 
    
 
Abstract
Sodium benzoate is an important kind of fine chemical products, which is mainly used in the food industry as food preservatives. It use toluene, oxygen as raw materials, and oxidized in the mixture catalyst, which is the Chlorinated manganese and NHPI, and getting the thick benzoic acid. Then distill pure benzoic acid from the thick benzoic acid. After reacted with the Sodium hydroxide and discolored by the activated carbon, the colorless transparent sodium benzoate was made. By analyzing the reaction of different catalyst, and the influence of catalytic number to the catalyst activity. The result shows that NHPI/ Chlorinated manganese catalytic system can catalytic p-toluene oxidation generating benzoic well, optimize the process conditions for:
n(Chlorinated manganese)∶n(NHPI)=5×10－2、n(catalyst)∶n(toluene)=10.5%、temperature for 100 ℃, reaction time for 13 h. In these conditions, the conversion rate of niteotoluene can achieve 75.4%. Under the mild conditions, the improved catalytic system can improve the reaction of the conversion rate and the selectivity of benzoic acid, thus it has an important applications in the industry.
This design process calculation of material balance calculations, heat balance calculations and major equipment selection. Drawings including process flow diagram, process flow diagram, workshop layout, the main equipment figure.
Key word: Sodium benzoate   Catalytic   Neutralization   Decoloring  Conversion

 
目   錄
摘  要 2
Abstract 3
1 總論 5
1.1 概述 5
1.1.1 苯甲酸鈉的性質(zhì) 5
1.1.2 苯甲酸鈉的用途 5
1.1.3 苯甲酸鈉的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)狀況 5
1.2 本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容及意義 5
1.3 項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)的來源 6
1.4 設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)思想 6
1.5 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 6
1.6 生產(chǎn)工藝方案 6
1.7 生產(chǎn)流程簡圖 7
1.8 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 7
2 工藝流程設(shè)計(jì) 8
2.1 合成苯甲酸鈉工藝的選擇 8
2.2 催化劑的選用 9
2.2.1 不同催化劑的反應(yīng)性能 9
2.2.2 MnCl2與NHPI物質(zhì)的量比對(duì)催化活性的影響 10
2.3 催化劑用量對(duì)反應(yīng)的影響 10
2.4 反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)反應(yīng)的影響 11
2.5 結(jié)論 12
3 工藝計(jì)算 12
3.1 基本參數(shù) 12
3.1.1 工藝流程示意圖 12
3.1.2 主要原料及其規(guī)格 12
3.1.3 工藝技術(shù)指標(biāo)及基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) 12
3.2 物料衡算 12
3.2.1 每小時(shí)進(jìn)料量（見下表） 16
3.2.2 每小時(shí)出料量（見下表） 17
3.3 熱量衡算 17
3.4 主要設(shè)備的工藝計(jì)算以及設(shè)備選型 19
4 車間成本估算（見下表） 21
5 環(huán)境保護(hù)與安全措施 22
5.1 廢水監(jiān)測(cè) 22
5.2 廢渣的處理和綜合利用 22
6 工程圖紙（見附頁） 22
7 參考文獻(xiàn) 23
致   謝 24