摘要
隨著能源越來(lái)越緊缺，在洗滌行業(yè)，節(jié)能節(jié)水的隧道式洗衣機(jī)裝備開(kāi)始研制生產(chǎn)，脫水壓榨機(jī)是隧道式洗衣機(jī)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。脫水壓榨機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)其性能、質(zhì)量具有決定性作用。傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法存在設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)笨重、成本高、缺乏對(duì)結(jié)果的驗(yàn)證等諸多弊端。為此，有必要將有限元結(jié)構(gòu)分析、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法用于脫水壓榨機(jī)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)，以提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量，滿足脫水壓榨機(jī)壓榨布草的技術(shù)需求。
本文以脫水壓榨機(jī)為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和受力情況的分析，建立了整機(jī)ABAQUS有限元分析模型，并對(duì)該脫水壓榨機(jī)的原始設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)剛度和強(qiáng)度的分析校核；基于正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論，建立了整機(jī)剛度和強(qiáng)度與設(shè)計(jì)變量之間的關(guān)系式，進(jìn)而建立了以整機(jī)重量為目標(biāo)，以尺寸參數(shù)為設(shè)計(jì)變量，在滿足整機(jī)靜強(qiáng)度、剛度和邊界約束條件下的脫水壓榨機(jī)整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型；采用MATLAB工具箱中的算法對(duì)該數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行求解，得到了最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。將該參數(shù)組合的模型重新進(jìn)行ABAQUS有限元分析計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果與原始設(shè)計(jì)有限元分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。最終得出優(yōu)化結(jié)果：在保證強(qiáng)度和剛度滿足工程實(shí)際條件的前提下，整機(jī)質(zhì)量減輕8.86%。
本文的研究成果為研究脫水壓榨機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，為以后類似的制造裝備的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了一種思路。

關(guān)鍵詞：脫水壓榨機(jī)；優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)；有限元分析；正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)；MATLAB工具箱











ABSTRACT
With the increasing shortage of energy, in the washing industry, continuous batch washer conducive to energy and water conservation started to be developed and produced. The water extraction press is an important component of the continuous batch washer system. The performance and quality of the press is related directly to its design. There are many problems in traditional design methods such as long design cycle，structure redundancy，high cost and lack of validation. So it is necessary to bring the FEM and optimum design into the design process of the press in order to improve the design quality and fulfill the need of the manufacture industry.
Taking the water extraction press as the research object，this dissertation established the FEM model of the press，and a validation check on the primary design of the press was carried out. And a series of FE numerical experiments were carried out based on the orthogonal experimental method(OEM) and the theory of optimum design. An approximately optimization model for the light weight design of the press was set up based on the FE numerical experiments. The optimization model includes some dimensions parameters. The design constraints are composed of the stiffness and strength of the structure of the press. So the optimization mathematic model aimed at the total mass of press is established. The optimum results are gained and analyzed through the solution to the model by the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox. The FEM model of the press after optimization is established, and then a validation check on the new design of the press was carried out. The results after analysis are compared with the original design of the press. The final optimization results obtained: Reduce the total mass by 8.86% with the strength and stiffness of the press meeting the design conditions.
The research of the paper lays the foundation for the structural optimization of the water extraction press, which can be applied to the other similar manufacturing equipments.

KEY WORDS：Water extraction press；Optimum design；FEA；Orthogonal experimental method；MATLAB Optimization Toolbox


目 錄
摘要 I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 課題的背景及意義 1
1.1.1選題背景 1
1.1.2現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 2
1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
1.2.1有限元分析法 2
1.2.2試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法 4
1.2.3優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 5
1.3論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和工作思路 6
第二章 機(jī)械優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論和有限元基本理論 8
2.1引言 8
2.2機(jī)械優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論 8
2.2.1優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論概述 8
2.2.2機(jī)械優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)基本理論和方法 8
2.2.3優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 10
2.3有限元基本理論[24] 13
2.3.1彈性力學(xué)基本方程 13
2.3.2彈性力學(xué)基本原理 15
2.3.3有限元分析流程 17
2.4本章小結(jié) 17
第三章 脫水壓榨機(jī)關(guān)鍵零部件有限元分析 19
3.1引言 19
3.2 ABAQUS有限元分析軟件 19
3.2.1 ABAQUS軟件簡(jiǎn)介 19
3.2.2 ABAQUS實(shí)體建模方法 20
3.2.3 ABAQUS單元類型選擇 21
3.3脫水壓榨機(jī)實(shí)體模型的建立 21
3.4脫水壓榨機(jī)有限元模型的建立 23
3.4.1單元選擇和網(wǎng)格的劃分 24
3.4.2脫水壓榨機(jī)機(jī)身材料屬性 26
3.4.3模型的約束及加載 26
3.5計(jì)算結(jié)果分析 28
3.5.1脫水壓榨機(jī)關(guān)鍵零件強(qiáng)度分析 28
3.5.2脫水壓榨機(jī)整體框架變形分析 31
3.6本章小結(jié) 33
第四章 基于正交試驗(yàn)法的脫水壓榨機(jī)機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 34
4.1引言 34
4.2正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)基本理論 35
4.2.1正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的基本原理 35
4.2.1正交表及其特性 36
4.2.2正交設(shè)計(jì)基本程序 37
4.3有限元正交試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 39
4.3.1確定因素、水平和指標(biāo) 39
4.3.2試驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)處理 41
4.4脫水壓榨機(jī)機(jī)身優(yōu)化模型的建立 45
4.4.1設(shè)計(jì)變量 45
4.4.2目標(biāo)函數(shù)的建立 46
4.4.3約束函數(shù) 46
4.4.4數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立 47
4.5 基于MATLAB的優(yōu)化模型求解 48
4.5.1 MATLAB軟件的優(yōu)化算法簡(jiǎn)介 48
4.5.2 MATLAB優(yōu)化函數(shù)[45] 49
4.5.3優(yōu)化結(jié)果的分析 50
4.6優(yōu)化流程總結(jié) 51
4.7應(yīng)用 52
4.8本章小結(jié) 53
結(jié)論 54
總結(jié) 54
展望 54
參考文..