摘 要
減震器是車輛的關(guān)鍵組件，影響著車輛的行駛平順性、乘坐舒適性和操縱穩(wěn)定性。阻尼特性是減震器最重要的特性參數(shù)。但是，僅通過(guò)阻尼特性來(lái)判斷減震器性能的好壞是不夠的。沖擊力對(duì)車體的破壞主要集中在減震器的復(fù)原行程，復(fù)原阻尼對(duì)緩和沖擊力、減少路面對(duì)車體的破壞作用顯得更為重要。意大利比亞喬集團(tuán)已經(jīng)開始了減震器復(fù)原特性的研究。同時(shí)減震器從開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)制造到檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)都和綜合反力特性有很大關(guān)聯(lián)。綜合反力特性和外特性共同用來(lái)驗(yàn)證該減震器是否滿足整車性能設(shè)計(jì)要求。針對(duì)兩者的重要性，本文對(duì)減震器復(fù)原特性和綜合反力特性進(jìn)行了研究。
本論文首先介紹了減震器建模、懸架系統(tǒng)建模的研究現(xiàn)狀和測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。并且以WY125型前減震器為研究對(duì)象，繪制出其三維實(shí)體模型。在深入研究了前減震器的零件和內(nèi)部構(gòu)造后建立了基于動(dòng)力學(xué)理論的復(fù)原特性數(shù)學(xué)模型和綜合反力特性數(shù)學(xué)模型，并且分別用MATLAB/SIMULINK和LabVIEW對(duì)其進(jìn)行仿真，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)，詳細(xì)分析了減震器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)其性能的影響。
本文將前減震器和懸架系統(tǒng)緊密結(jié)合，以前懸架為測(cè)試對(duì)象進(jìn)行了復(fù)原特性和綜合反力特性測(cè)試。以美國(guó)NI（National Instrument）公司的PXI總線機(jī)箱和PXI-6251數(shù)據(jù)采集卡為硬件核心，以該公司的圖形化虛擬儀器開發(fā)環(huán)境LabVIEW8.2為軟件核心，開發(fā)了沖擊試驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)和綜合反力試驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。對(duì)某型越野車前懸架和某型踏板車前懸架進(jìn)行了復(fù)原特性沖擊試驗(yàn)和綜合反力特性試驗(yàn)，將實(shí)測(cè)曲線與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較，驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性，并且深入探討了內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)減震器性能的影響。此測(cè)試系統(tǒng)操作方便，測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)精度較高，為減震器的懸架測(cè)試提供了一種高效實(shí)用的新途徑。

關(guān)鍵詞 減震器；前懸架；復(fù)原特性；綜合反力

Abstract
Shock absorber is the key component of the vehicle. It relates to the driving smooth, comfort and operating stabilities. Whether the performance of shock absorber is good or bad just determined by the shock absorber damping characteristics is not enough. The damage to the body from impulse force focus on the stroke recovery of shock absorber. Rebound resistance is important to ease the impulse force and reduce the damage of the body from the road. Italian Piaggio Group has embarked on the study of extension characteristics of the shock absorber. At the same time, shock absorber is related with static force from developing and design, manufacturing to testing. Static force and external characteristics both verify that whether the shock absorber meet the requirement of the vehicle performance design. Importance for both, extension characteristic and static force of shock absorber were studied in this paper.
Firstly, the current state and developing trend in the modeling of the shock absorbers and testing technology were introduced in the paper. Study with WY125-type shock absorber and draw out its three-dimensional solid model. After in-depth study of the parts of the front shock absorber and its internal structure, establish the mathematical models of extension characteristic and static force, and simulate them with MATLAB / SIMULINK and LabVIEW. Through adjusting the parameters, analysis the effect of the shock absorber parameters of the internal structure on its properties in detail.
The object of extension characteristic testing and static force testing linked shock absorber with front suspend was front suspend. The hardware core is PXI bus instrument of American National Instrument Corporation and data acquisition instrument which is in PXI while the software core is LabVIEW8.2, developed the extension characteristic testing system and static force testing system. The extension characteristic impact testing and static force testing for front suspends of a certain type of SUV and scooter was done. The actual measuring result compared with the simulated one, verify the model. Then the analysis of the influence of each parameter on shock absorber's performance was done by comparing the actual measuring results with the simulated ones. This test system provides a new method with high efficiency and applied for shock absorbers’ test return the more precise data accrued.

Keywords Shock absorber; Front suspend; Extension characteristic; Static force
目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2.1 摩托車減震器數(shù)學(xué)模型的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.2 摩托車懸架建模的研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.3 測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和趨勢(shì) 3
1.2.4 摩托車減震器測(cè)試的現(xiàn)狀及趨勢(shì) 3
1.3 本文完成的主要內(nèi)容 4
1.3.1 本文研究的意義 4
1.3.2 本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容 4
第2章 減震器三維模型的建立 6
2.1 概述 6
2.2 PRO/ENGINEER WILDFIRE 4.0簡(jiǎn)介 6
2.2.1 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的特點(diǎn) 6
2.2.2 Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0的工作環(huán)境 6
2.3 摩托車前叉液壓減震器三維實(shí)體模型的建立 8
2.4 本章小結(jié) 12
第3章 摩托車減震器前懸架測(cè)試模型的建立 13
3.1 減震器的種類和工作原理 13
3.1.1 減震器的歷史和種類 13
3.1.2 減震器的工作原理 13
3.2 懸架的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能 16
3.2.1 摩托車懸架的結(jié)構(gòu) 16
3.2.2 懸架的組成和功能 16
3.3 建立前懸架復(fù)原特性阻尼形成結(jié)構(gòu) 17
3.4 建立前懸架綜合反力特性測(cè)試模型 20
3.5 本章小結(jié) 23
第4章 虛擬儀器測(cè)控系統(tǒng)與減震器模型仿真 24
4.1 虛擬儀器概述 24
4.1.1 虛擬儀器的概念 24
4.1.2 虛擬儀器的優(yōu)勢(shì) 24
4.1.3 虛擬儀器的分..