摘 要
在當(dāng)今能源高度緊張的情況下，風(fēng)力發(fā)電是世界各國(guó)重力投入的項(xiàng)目，風(fēng)機(jī)安裝是風(fēng)力發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，用于風(fēng)機(jī)安裝的起重機(jī)對(duì)起重能力和起吊高度上有更高的要求，而海上風(fēng)機(jī)安裝相比于陸地上有較高的難度，所以各國(guó)投入大量的人力、物力用于風(fēng)電吊裝裝備的研發(fā)。在風(fēng)電安裝過程中起重機(jī)承受很大沖擊載荷等因素影響，將直接影響風(fēng)電安裝安全性，因此本文對(duì)用于風(fēng)電吊裝的起重機(jī)進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究，主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容有：
1) 起重機(jī)關(guān)鍵金屬結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和剛度分析
通過起重機(jī)經(jīng)典理論的分析，完成了起重能力460噸、起吊高度100米的起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)，并根據(jù)起重機(jī)經(jīng)典校核理論對(duì)其進(jìn)行了校核。建立起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型，根據(jù)起重機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)工況對(duì)模型進(jìn)行加載和約束，對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行靜態(tài)分析，得到起重機(jī)各部分金屬結(jié)構(gòu)在危險(xiǎn)工況下的應(yīng)力云圖和位移云圖，掌握了各部分金屬結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力集中和危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，為起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考依據(jù)。
2) 起重機(jī)重要金屬結(jié)構(gòu)吊臂的模態(tài)分析
通過對(duì)吊臂系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，得到前6階的振型圖和振動(dòng)頻率來反應(yīng)吊臂的振動(dòng)特性。通過對(duì)起重機(jī)系統(tǒng)工作時(shí)馬達(dá)啟動(dòng)、貨物偏擺等情況振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象的研究，將得到的結(jié)果與模態(tài)分析得出的吊臂的固有頻率進(jìn)行比較分析，驗(yàn)證吊臂結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
3) 起重機(jī)重要金屬結(jié)構(gòu)吊臂瞬態(tài)特性分析
運(yùn)用有限元分析軟件ABAQUS對(duì)吊臂在不同啟動(dòng)方式下產(chǎn)生的不同沖擊載荷進(jìn)行了瞬時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析，得到了吊臂在沖擊載荷極限工況下的應(yīng)力云圖和位移云圖以及危險(xiǎn)部位。最后，通過對(duì)四種起升工況下的吊臂進(jìn)行瞬時(shí)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析，獲得了不同啟動(dòng)情況下的吊臂系統(tǒng)垂直方向位移、速度、加速度以及吊重所受合力隨時(shí)間歷程響應(yīng)。此次分析給操作人員提供了起重機(jī)的工作情況，為以后的起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)工作者提供參考，也進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了本文設(shè)計(jì)起重機(jī)建模、求解過程的正確性。

關(guān)鍵詞 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；靜力計(jì)算；模態(tài)分析；瞬態(tài)特性分析





































Abstract
In the current situation of energy crisis, wind-power generation is the project devoted strongly by different counties in the world. Wind installation is the pivotal technology for wind-power generation. The crane which is used to install wind-power generator, requires high lifting capacity and lifting height. Wind-power installation on the sea is more difficult than on the land, so all the countries invest a lot of people and fund to study the wind-power lifting equipment. In the process of installing wind-power generator, many factors like the great impact act on crane, which will affects the safety of wind-power installation directly. Therefore, this article studied many important techniques including stress of the crane which is used to lift wind-power generator. The main research work contains:
1) Strength and stiffness analysis of crane’s critical metal structure
Through analyzing the classical theory of crane, the design and verification based on the crane’s classical theory of a crane which has 460 tones lifting capacity and 100 meters lifting height were completed. Finite element model of the metal structure was established. According to the analysis of dangerous working condition, constraints and loads of the crane were accomplished. Through static analysis of the crane boom, stress and displacement plots of different integrant metal structure in the dangerous working condition were gained. The stress concentration and the danger zone of these parts were achieved, which provides a reference for designing cranes.
2) Modal analysis of crane boom
Through analyzing the modal of crane boom system, foremost 6-order type reaction and vibrational frequency which reflect the vibration property of crane boom were obtained. The results gained by studying the vibration caused by motor start or cargo deflection when crane system is working, was compared with the natural frequency of crane boom obtained from modal analysis. The comparing result proves that the design of crane boom structure is reasonable.
3) Transient analysis of crane boom
Finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to analyze the transient characteristics of crane boom in different start-up modes and impact loads. The stress and displacement plot and dangerous part in the impact loading condition were gained. Finally, through the transient dynamic analysis of crane boom in four kinds of lifting condition, vertical displacement, velocity and acceleration and response of lifting load suffered over time course were obtained when crane boom system was in different start situation. The analysis provides the working condition of crane for operators and reference for future designers of cranes, which verifies the correctness of the modeling and solution of crane in this paper further.

Keywords design and calculation of crane, static analysis, modal analysis, transient characteristic analysis


目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景、目的和意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況 1
1.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)外起重機(jī)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 1
1.2.2 船用起重機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 6
1.3 論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和研究?jī)?nèi)容 7
1.3.1 論文結(jié)構(gòu) 7
1.3.2 研究的內(nèi)容 7
第2章 有限元理論及其軟件介紹 9
2.1 大噸位桁架式吊臂的經(jīng)典計(jì)..