摘要
水面高速滑行艇具有速度快、機(jī)動(dòng)性好、造價(jià)低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，作為未來海上無人艇常用艇型，被廣泛應(yīng)用于海洋環(huán)境觀測(cè)，海上情報(bào)偵察、海上防護(hù)、目標(biāo)攻擊以及反潛等海洋軍事領(lǐng)域。開展雙重介質(zhì)中高速滑行艇的流體動(dòng)力性能與運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)特性研究，對(duì)于探明滑行艇在水氣交界面處高速航行的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理具有十分重要的理論意義和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。
本文運(yùn)用CFD軟件FLUENT開展了二維滑行艇模型在攻角 ， 下水動(dòng)力/氣動(dòng)力耦合特性研究，重點(diǎn)分析了計(jì)入空氣影響后的流體動(dòng)力變化規(guī)律，給出了是否計(jì)入空氣影響下的阻力、力矩的變化曲線，得出 ， 時(shí)計(jì)入空氣后阻力增幅高達(dá)15.87%，力矩增幅達(dá)48.5%，空氣動(dòng)力的影響在計(jì)算中必須予以考慮，并探討了攻角一定不同傅汝得數(shù)下艇底動(dòng)壓力的分布變化及滑行艇體艏部噴濺現(xiàn)象，得出了不同風(fēng)壓下滑行艇阻力變化與空氣增阻的比例。研究了滑行艇響應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)下的水動(dòng)力與空氣動(dòng)力，通過編寫3自由度運(yùn)動(dòng)方程數(shù)學(xué)模型實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)報(bào)了滑行艇在推進(jìn)速度給定條件下的升沉、縱搖耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)，并通過程序修正運(yùn)動(dòng)方程加速結(jié)果的收斂性與精度，分析了不同傅汝得數(shù)時(shí)阻力、升力及力矩的變化規(guī)律與升沉量、縱搖角的變化，從而得出艇體升沉、縱搖運(yùn)動(dòng)分別達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的時(shí)間，并計(jì)入6、7、8級(jí)風(fēng)壓的影響研究滑行艇的升沉、縱搖值的變化。最后，初步開展了三維滑行艇的流體動(dòng)力性能研究，進(jìn)行了靜水中滑行艇計(jì)入空氣時(shí)的數(shù)值計(jì)算，分析不同傅汝得數(shù)下流體動(dòng)力的變化、艇底動(dòng)壓力的分布變化及流場(chǎng)特性，同時(shí)開展三維滑行艇響應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬，得出升沉、縱搖曲線與艇體周圍流場(chǎng)的變化。
通過開展雙重介質(zhì)中滑行艇流體動(dòng)力特性研究，給出計(jì)入空氣影響后滑行艇的流體動(dòng)力變化規(guī)律，構(gòu)建了運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)模型，開展了響應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的流體動(dòng)力特性分析，為探明諸如滑行艇此類的變排水量船的復(fù)雜運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理提供了方法和研究思路。

關(guān)鍵詞 滑行艇；空氣動(dòng)力；水動(dòng)力；多自由度耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)；數(shù)值模擬


ABSTRACT
The planing craft has advantages of high speed, flexibility and low cost. And widely applied Marine environmental observing, sea intelligence reconnaissance, Marine protection, the target to attack and antisubmarine Marine in the military field as a common boat type of future sea craft. Carrying out the researches of planing boat hydrodynamic performance and response motion characteristics study for proving planing boat in the interface of high speed movement mechanism has important theoretical and practical value.
This paper uses CFD software FLUENT carried out research of a 2D planing craft model in the angle of attack and of hydrodynamic/ aerodynamic characteristics, and analyses the fluid dynamic variation after included the influence of air. It is concluded that, the resistance rise up 15.87%, moment rise up 48.5% after included air effects in angle of attack , , so aerodynamic influence in calculation must be considered. Then discusses the certain angle of dynamic pressure distribution of vessel bottom and spitting of bow, it is concluded that the changes of resistance after included air. Secondly, studies hydrodynamic and aerodynamic of the planing boat, real-time forecast heave and pitch coupling motion through writing 3-DOF equations, and accelerate result convergence and precision through the program correction. Analyzes the changes of resistance, lift, moment and curves of heave, pitch, then concluded that the stable state time.The changes of heave and pitch after considering 6、7、8 level of wind are given in this part. Finally, preliminary research of 3D planing boat hydrodynamic performance was carried out. Then carry on the numerical computation of including air effects, analyze hydrodynamic and dynamic pressure distribution of vessel bottom. While developing the simulation of 3D planing boat response movement, and concluding that the curves of heave and pitch motion and the flow field around the ship body.
Through the development of study of planing boat hydrodynamic characteristic , the change rule of planing boat hydrodynamic included air effects are given. Construct the response motion numerical prediction model, and carry out the hydrodynamic characteristic analysis for response motion, Provide methods and research thought for exploring complicated movement mechanism of the variable displacement ships such as planing boat.
Key Words planing craft；aerodynamic；hydrodynamic force；multi-freedom couple motion；numerical simulation

目 錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 本課題的研究背景 1
1.2 滑行艇的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.2.1 滑行艇研究概況 2
1.2.2滑行艇在靜水中的操縱性研究概況 3
1.2.3滑行艇在波浪中的研究概況 3
1.2.4 滑行艇在風(fēng)作用下的研究狀況 3
1.3滑行艇的滑行特點(diǎn)及數(shù)值模型 4
1.3.1滑行艇的滑行歷程及性能特點(diǎn) 4
1.3.2 滑行艇多自由度耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)學(xué)建模 6
1.3.3 滑行艇耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)值模擬 7
1.4本論文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容 8
第2章 計(jì)算流體力學(xué)的基本原理和數(shù)值計(jì)算方法 9
2.1 引言 9
2.2 數(shù)值方法 9
2.2.1控制方程 9
2.2.2數(shù)值離散格式 10
2.2.3離散方程的求解 11
2.2.4 湍流模型 12
2.3 動(dòng)網(wǎng)格處理技術(shù) 13
2.4 VOF法追蹤自由液面 15
2.5 FLUENT軟件簡(jiǎn)介 16
2.6 本章小結(jié) 17
第3章 滑行艇推進(jìn)、垂蕩和縱搖的耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)學(xué)模型 18
3.1引言 18
3.2滑行艇縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)受力分析 18
3.2.1 靜止時(shí)受力情況 18
3.2.2 航行時(shí)受力情況 19
3.3 滑行艇縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本核心特點(diǎn) ..