摘 要
計算流體力學（CFD）在船舶與海洋工程領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來越受到重視，并開始進入實用化階段。然而，由于水面無人艇運動的高速性和復(fù)雜性，以及艇身附近粘性流場的計算困難，在預(yù)報水面高速無人艇的水動力特性方面，CFD技術(shù)目前尚未達到實用化程度。因此利用現(xiàn)代數(shù)值技術(shù)對滑行艇在風浪影響下粘性流場水動力特性計算具有重要的工程意義和價值。
本文首先對滑行艇水動力特性研究領(lǐng)域中的CFD發(fā)展和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，進行了回顧和分析，然后利用流體力學的基本理論和方法建立了描述滑行艇流體動力特性的數(shù)學模型，并完成了系列數(shù)值計算。具體工作和主要結(jié)論如下：
1）通過求解RANS方程，對二維滑行平板無界粘性流場進行了驗證性數(shù)值模擬，探討了平板在不同工況下的動升力系數(shù)、阻力系數(shù)、載荷系數(shù)以及動壓力中心位置隨速度的變化規(guī)律。將升力系數(shù)的數(shù)值計算結(jié)果與SIT法以及查結(jié)法進行比較，并利用經(jīng)驗公式與阻力系數(shù)進行比較分析，得出阻力系數(shù)和升力系數(shù)都隨著攻角的增大而增大，在Fr < 3時，阻力系數(shù)和升力系數(shù)變化明顯，當平板進入滑行階段時，這種變化減弱。
2）開展了二維滑行艇流體動力特性的數(shù)值計算研究，實現(xiàn)了二維滑行艇在攻角為5°、10°、15°工況下的空氣動力載荷對流體動力系數(shù)影響的研究。對比了0°、5°和10°攻角下滑行艇在傅汝德數(shù)為0.5、2、3、4、5工況下空氣載荷數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果，得出空氣載荷的影響隨著傅汝德數(shù)的增大而增大，對10°攻角滑行艇的力矩影響突出。
3）利用推板式造波方法數(shù)值模擬了規(guī)則波產(chǎn)生過程，二維模型的數(shù)值模擬基本可以描述出包括射流、破碎、翻卷等復(fù)雜的流體非線性現(xiàn)象對滑行艇運動的影響，給出了波浪參數(shù)及其對滑行艇運動參數(shù)的影響，對滑行艇在波浪中運動的非線性問題進行了嘗試性描述。
4）將二維滑行艇橫剖面簡化為楔形體結(jié)構(gòu)，對其入水砰擊問題進行了數(shù)值計算研究。通過對自由液面變化以及相關(guān)參數(shù)的分析，得出砰擊壓力峰值的位置位于噴射區(qū)的根部附近，一般出現(xiàn)在楔形體傾斜邊的2/3處左右，楔形體入水時的砰擊壓力系數(shù)隨斜升角的增大而減小，隨砰擊速度的增大而增大，壓力系數(shù) 在 = 3°左右出現(xiàn)最大值。

關(guān)鍵詞：滑行艇；水動力特性；兩相流；空氣載荷；波浪載荷；砰擊載荷
































Abstract
The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been the subject of increasing attention in the ship and ocean engineering. Some techniques have been developed and practically used. However, because of the complexity of movement and the high speed of planning boat, the CFD techniques have not met the demands of practical use. It is of great significance to systematically study the hydrodynamic characteristics of planning boat with modern numerical techniques. The aim of this paper is research about the hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft consider the air and wave.
In this paper, firstly, a review of the state of the art and the tendency for future advances in the field of study of hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft was presented. Then the mathematical model was developed for the description of hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft near the ground. Finally, a series of calculation and analysis were performed by numerical approach. They are as follows:
1) Numerical simulation of viscous fluid flow around a 2D planning panel was performed through the solution of RANS equations for the validation of mathematical and numerical model. Discuss about the drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the position of the pressure. The lift coefficient compare with the SIT method, as well as the Shuford method. Empirical formula used for comparative analysis with the drag coefficient.
2) A two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of planning hulls Numerical Calculation was performed. Achieved the angle of attack of the 5°, 10°, 15°planning boat on the fluid of the aerodynamic loads impact. Obtained that the impact of the air load increases with the Froude number increases, especially to momentum of the angle 10°.
3) Used of push-plate method simulate the regular wave generation process. Numerical simulated the jet, roll and the break of the wave. Gives the wave parameters and discuss the influence to the planning boat. Described the sliding boat non-linear movement in wave.
4) Simplify the planning hull to two-dimensional wedge-shaped Structure. Study the water slamming in constant velocity. Analysis the relevant parameters through the free surface changes. And knows that the location of peak pressure is in the spray zone around the roots. Wedge-shaped body slamming into the water when the pressure coefficient increases with the angle decreases, and vary with velocity.


Key words：planning boat, hydrodynamic characteristics, two-phases fluid, air load, wave load, slamming load












目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 錄 V
Contents VII
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1.引言 1
1.2.水面無人艇簡介 1
1.2.1.水面無人艇技術(shù)特點 1
1.2.2.水面無人艇發(fā)展概況 1
1.3.滑行艇阻力研究概況 3
1.3.1.滑行艇系列試驗資料估算阻力 3
1.3.2.棱柱形滑行平板試驗資料估算阻力 4
1.3.3.回歸公式方法 5
1.3.4.半經(jīng)驗半理論的計算方法 6
1.4.滑行艇在波浪中研究概況 6
1.5.滑行艇在風作用下研究概況 8
1.6.本..