摘 要
計(jì)算流體力學(xué)（CFD）在船舶與海洋工程領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越受到重視，并開(kāi)始進(jìn)入實(shí)用化階段。然而，由于水面無(wú)人艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的高速性和復(fù)雜性，以及艇身附近粘性流場(chǎng)的計(jì)算困難，在預(yù)報(bào)水面高速無(wú)人艇的水動(dòng)力特性方面，CFD技術(shù)目前尚未達(dá)到實(shí)用化程度。因此利用現(xiàn)代數(shù)值技術(shù)對(duì)滑行艇在風(fēng)浪影響下粘性流場(chǎng)水動(dòng)力特性計(jì)算具有重要的工程意義和價(jià)值。
本文首先對(duì)滑行艇水動(dòng)力特性研究領(lǐng)域中的CFD發(fā)展和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，進(jìn)行了回顧和分析，然后利用流體力學(xué)的基本理論和方法建立了描述滑行艇流體動(dòng)力特性的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并完成了系列數(shù)值計(jì)算。具體工作和主要結(jié)論如下：
1）通過(guò)求解RANS方程，對(duì)二維滑行平板無(wú)界粘性流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證性數(shù)值模擬，探討了平板在不同工況下的動(dòng)升力系數(shù)、阻力系數(shù)、載荷系數(shù)以及動(dòng)壓力中心位置隨速度的變化規(guī)律。將升力系數(shù)的數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果與SIT法以及查結(jié)法進(jìn)行比較，并利用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式與阻力系數(shù)進(jìn)行比較分析，得出阻力系數(shù)和升力系數(shù)都隨著攻角的增大而增大，在Fr < 3時(shí)，阻力系數(shù)和升力系數(shù)變化明顯，當(dāng)平板進(jìn)入滑行階段時(shí)，這種變化減弱。
2）開(kāi)展了二維滑行艇流體動(dòng)力特性的數(shù)值計(jì)算研究，實(shí)現(xiàn)了二維滑行艇在攻角為5°、10°、15°工況下的空氣動(dòng)力載荷對(duì)流體動(dòng)力系數(shù)影響的研究。對(duì)比了0°、5°和10°攻角下滑行艇在傅汝德數(shù)為0.5、2、3、4、5工況下空氣載荷數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果，得出空氣載荷的影響隨著傅汝德數(shù)的增大而增大，對(duì)10°攻角滑行艇的力矩影響突出。
3）利用推板式造波方法數(shù)值模擬了規(guī)則波產(chǎn)生過(guò)程，二維模型的數(shù)值模擬基本可以描述出包括射流、破碎、翻卷等復(fù)雜的流體非線(xiàn)性現(xiàn)象對(duì)滑行艇運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，給出了波浪參數(shù)及其對(duì)滑行艇運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的影響，對(duì)滑行艇在波浪中運(yùn)動(dòng)的非線(xiàn)性問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了嘗試性描述。
4）將二維滑行艇橫剖面簡(jiǎn)化為楔形體結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)其入水砰擊問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了數(shù)值計(jì)算研究。通過(guò)對(duì)自由液面變化以及相關(guān)參數(shù)的分析，得出砰擊壓力峰值的位置位于噴射區(qū)的根部附近，一般出現(xiàn)在楔形體傾斜邊的2/3處左右，楔形體入水時(shí)的砰擊壓力系數(shù)隨斜升角的增大而減小，隨砰擊速度的增大而增大，壓力系數(shù) 在 = 3°左右出現(xiàn)最大值。

關(guān)鍵詞：滑行艇；水動(dòng)力特性；兩相流；空氣載荷；波浪載荷；砰擊載荷
































Abstract
The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been the subject of increasing attention in the ship and ocean engineering. Some techniques have been developed and practically used. However, because of the complexity of movement and the high speed of planning boat, the CFD techniques have not met the demands of practical use. It is of great significance to systematically study the hydrodynamic characteristics of planning boat with modern numerical techniques. The aim of this paper is research about the hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft consider the air and wave.
In this paper, firstly, a review of the state of the art and the tendency for future advances in the field of study of hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft was presented. Then the mathematical model was developed for the description of hydrodynamic characteristics of planning craft near the ground. Finally, a series of calculation and analysis were performed by numerical approach. They are as follows:
1) Numerical simulation of viscous fluid flow around a 2D planning panel was performed through the solution of RANS equations for the validation of mathematical and numerical model. Discuss about the drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the position of the pressure. The lift coefficient compare with the SIT method, as well as the Shuford method. Empirical formula used for comparative analysis with the drag coefficient.
2) A two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of planning hulls Numerical Calculation was performed. Achieved the angle of attack of the 5°, 10°, 15°planning boat on the fluid of the aerodynamic loads impact. Obtained that the impact of the air load increases with the Froude number increases, especially to momentum of the angle 10°.
3) Used of push-plate method simulate the regular wave generation process. Numerical simulated the jet, roll and the break of the wave. Gives the wave parameters and discuss the influence to the planning boat. Described the sliding boat non-linear movement in wave.
4) Simplify the planning hull to two-dimensional wedge-shaped Structure. Study the water slamming in constant velocity. Analysis the relevant parameters through the free surface changes. And knows that the location of peak pressure is in the spray zone around the roots. Wedge-shaped body slamming into the water when the pressure coefficient increases with the angle decreases, and vary with velocity.


Key words：planning boat, hydrodynamic characteristics, two-phases fluid, air load, wave load, slamming load












目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 錄 V
Contents VII
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1.引言 1
1.2.水面無(wú)人艇簡(jiǎn)介 1
1.2.1.水面無(wú)人艇技術(shù)特點(diǎn) 1
1.2.2.水面無(wú)人艇發(fā)展概況 1
1.3.滑行艇阻力研究概況 3
1.3.1.滑行艇系列試驗(yàn)資料估算阻力 3
1.3.2.棱柱形滑行平板試驗(yàn)資料估算阻力 4
1.3.3.回歸公式方法 5
1.3.4.半經(jīng)驗(yàn)半理論的計(jì)算方法 6
1.4.滑行艇在波浪中研究概況 6
1.5.滑行艇在風(fēng)作用下研究概況 8
1.6.本..