摘 要
隨著海上交通日趨繁忙，有限的航線上航行船舶的密度越來越大，不時的會發(fā)生船舶碰撞的事故。船舶碰撞往往會引發(fā)船體結構破損甚至沉沒、貨物泄露、環(huán)境污染及人員傷亡等災難性后果。因此，無論是從安全上、經(jīng)濟上，還是從環(huán)境保護上來看，進行船舶碰撞研究，提高船舶的耐撞性都具有重要意義。
本文利用碰撞理論、試驗及數(shù)值仿真分析對鋼—聚氨酯復合夾層板的耐撞特性進行了分析研究，對比了等質量情況下夾層板在抗沖擊性能上較鋼板所具有的優(yōu)勢。運用非線性有限元軟件進一步分析了復合夾層結構尺寸參數(shù)對結構耐撞性能的影響。
將復合夾層板應用到船舶單層舷側結構，分析該結構的耐撞性能；同時與常規(guī)舷側結構進行比較分析，綜合評估此復合舷側結構的性能。本文主要研究工作如下：
(1) 介紹了聚氨酯材料的基本性能，及鋼—聚氨酯夾層結構特點，此復合板具有優(yōu)越的力學及其他方面的性能，在工程應用中越來越廣泛，將其應用到船舶結構中也已有先例。但還未普及，需要做的研究工作還很多。
(2) 運用試驗所得結果與有限元數(shù)值仿真進行比較，研究復合夾層板的建模方式對碰撞性能的影響，最終確定理想的復合夾層板建模方式。并綜合比較了夾層板與普通鋼板在碰撞性能上的優(yōu)劣。
(3) 運用有限元數(shù)值仿真技術，探討了夾層板不同的主尺度與厚度比對夾層板抗沖擊性能的影響，得出主尺度與厚度比越小，夾層板的抗沖擊性能越優(yōu)越的結論。在此基礎上設計了兩個復合舷側結構方案，用來替代原有單層舷側。
(4) 利用有限元數(shù)值模擬分析了復合舷側結構在受到橫向沖擊載荷作用下的力學行為，通過對損傷程度、最大碰撞力及吸能等方面的分析對比，綜合評估了復合舷側結構在碰撞性能上與原有舷側結構所具有的獨特優(yōu)勢。探討了復合夾層板引用到船舶舷側的可行性。

關鍵詞： 復合夾層板；碰撞；試驗；數(shù)值仿真；結構耐撞性








Abstract
The density of sailing ships is increasing rapidly on limited sailing routes with the increasingly busy marine traffic developed. The collision of ships happens easily, which leads to damage or sinking of the hull structure, cargo leakage, environmental pollution and disastrous consequences of casualties. So it has important significance to make collision research and to improve the crashworthiness of ships, either from the security, economic, or from the environmental point of view.
In this paper, the steel-polyurethane crashworthiness characteristics of composite structure was studied and analyzed based on collision theory, experiment, numerical simulation and energy absorption. The structure size parameters’ effect on crashworthiness of composite structure was analyzed based on nonlinear finite element structural analysis software. The composite structure was applied to single layer side structure and the crashworthiness performance was analyzed. The result was compared with the conventional structural crashworthiness analysis and a comprehensive assessment of the side structure of the composite performance was made. The main researches are listed below:
(1) Introduces the basic properties of the polyurethane materials, structural features of Steel polyurethane interlayer board. The Steel polyurethane interlayer board has excellent mechanical properties and other aspects performance, more and more widely used in engineering, existing precedent of application to ship structure. But not yet universal, need to do more research work.
(2) Use test result and finite element numerical simulation to obtain the ideal modeling method. Comprehensive compared the crashworthiness of steel plate and sandwich plate.
(3) Discussed influence on sandwich plate’s crashworthiness by finite element numerical simulation technology. Get the following conclusion: with main dimensions and thickness ratio decrease, the crashworthiness of sandwich plate becomes well. On the basis, designed two side structural concepts for replace original single port side.
(4) By finite element numerical simulation ,analyzed the mechanical behavior of composite port side structure by in transverse impact load. From the contrast of damage degree, maximum impact and absorbing energy, eva luated the composite port side structure's crashworthiness by in transverse impact. Discussed the feasibility of composite laminated plate apply to ship port side.
Keyword:Composite Sandwich panels; Collision; experiment; Numerical simulation;
Structural crashworthiness

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract IV
目錄 V
Contents VII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與意義 1
1.2 研究現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.3.1 外部碰撞力學 3
1.3.2 內(nèi)部碰撞力學 4
1.4 論文主要研究的內(nèi)容 4
第2章 碰撞非線性有限元方法及復合夾層板基本理論 6
2.1 非線性有限元理論在船舶碰撞中的運用 6
2.2 非線性有限元分析方法 6
2.2.1 顯式時間積分 6
2.2.2 拉格朗日型單元 7
2.2.3 接觸算法 8
2.2.4 摩擦算法 9
2.2.5 仿真中沙漏的控制 10
2.2.6 材料的本構模型 10
2.3 聚氨酯介紹 13
2.4 鋼聚氨酯復合夾層板 14
2.5 夾層結構的受力分析和強度理論 17
2.5.1 夾層板平衡方程 17
2.5.2 夾層板應變位移關系 19
2.6 復合夾層板大變形數(shù)值計算 21
2.6.1 大變形基本理論 21
2.6.2 大變形動力學數(shù)值計算方法 24
2.6.3 大變形動力學有限元基本解法與求解過程 26
2.7本章小結 27
第3章 鋼—聚氨酯復合夾層板的沖擊性能..