摘 要
隨著造船技術(shù)的發(fā)展，分段建造，總段合攏的造船模式已經(jīng)成為主流模式。為充分發(fā)揮這一造船模式的效率和優(yōu)勢(shì)，總段合攏的方式從原來的“階梯式”開始向“一刀齊”方式轉(zhuǎn)變。對(duì)于不同的合攏方式的采用，必然會(huì)造成焊接殘余應(yīng)力分布和焊接變形的變化，由此帶來了各種變化對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的影響問題。因此，開展不同對(duì)接工藝下殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)船體結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度的影響研究對(duì)后續(xù)研究和這種合攏工藝的推廣具有十分重要的工程意義。
本文利用有限元數(shù)值仿真的方法，結(jié)合試驗(yàn)，對(duì)船體典型結(jié)構(gòu)加筋板焊接殘余應(yīng)力場(chǎng)、在拉伸載荷作用下殘余應(yīng)力的變化以及對(duì)極限承載能力的影響展開研究。主要研究工作及結(jié)論如下：
（1）針對(duì)典型薄板對(duì)接焊接殘余應(yīng)力的分布進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究，得出薄板在典型焊接工藝下的殘余應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律；并利用ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)薄板對(duì)接焊的殘余應(yīng)力分布進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬，數(shù)值模擬得出的結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證，為后續(xù)的研究提供方法與參考。
（2）對(duì)船體中的典型結(jié)構(gòu)加筋板的對(duì)接焊接過程進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，得出外板和骨材采用同一截面焊縫布置和不同截面布置工藝下的焊接殘余應(yīng)力分布情況，并對(duì)比分析了采用不同工藝參數(shù)條件下的殘余應(yīng)力分布。
（3）將數(shù)值模擬得到的焊接殘余應(yīng)力作為預(yù)應(yīng)力施加到有限元模型上，并以此為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行典型船體縱向構(gòu)件在焊接殘余應(yīng)力影響下的極限承載能力的計(jì)算，并與試驗(yàn)值進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，得出了“一刀齊”對(duì)接工藝下殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)船體典型結(jié)構(gòu)極限強(qiáng)度的影響程度。


關(guān)鍵詞：船舶建造；對(duì)接焊縫；焊接殘余應(yīng)力；極限強(qiáng)度




Abstract
The ship modularization mode with segmentation and block assembly is gradually becoming popular while the technology of ship building was developed. In order to exert the efficiency and advantages of this construction mode, the block section butts of prefabricated sections are gradually applied the “in-plane welded connection” instead of “step joint”. There are not enough analysis and the strength calculation of welding structures, particularly analysis on the impact of disfigurement on welding butts and seams.After studying former research, this paper studies the welding residual stress of the T-joint using experimentation and finite element numerical simulation method. This study is valuable in impaction of welding structure with residual stress
In this paper, the residual stresses of the T-joint hull structures were predicted with Finite Element Method (FEM) and tests. Then the changing patterns of the residual stresses and its effect on ultimate strength were studied. The main contents are as follows:
1, The welding residual stresses of the plates joint were obtained with the welding procedures developed by APDL of ANSYS, meanwhile, it were measured with a drilling method testing. It offers the method and parameter to study the residual stresses of the T-joint structures.
2, Making some numerical simulation of welding on T-joint, that with different welding butts, analyzing temperature field and welding stress field, obtaining welding residual stress’s distributing rule.
3, Ultimate strength checking of T-welded structure, which has the residual stress, comparing the result of ultimate strength with these both cases and experimentation.


Key words: ship building, welding seam, welding residual stress, ultimate strength




目錄
摘要 I
目錄 I
第一章 緒論 1
1.1課題研究背景及意義 1
1.2焊接殘余應(yīng)力概念及其對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性能的影響 2
1.2.1焊接殘余應(yīng)力產(chǎn)生機(jī)理 2
1.2.2影響焊接殘余應(yīng)力的主要因素 3
1.2.3殘余應(yīng)力的影響 3
1.3焊接殘余應(yīng)力數(shù)值模擬 4
1.4本文主要研究內(nèi)容 5
第二章 焊接過程有限元分析理論 7
2.1焊接有限元分析特點(diǎn)及簡化 7
2.1.1 焊接過程有限元分析特點(diǎn) 7
2.1.2 焊接過程有限元分析簡化 7
2.2焊接溫度場(chǎng)有限元分析理論 9
2.2.1焊接傳熱基本定律 9
2.2.2焊接熱分析基本方程 10
2.2.3焊接溫度場(chǎng)的求解理論 11
2.2.4焊接熱源 12
2.3焊接應(yīng)力場(chǎng)有限元分析理論 14
2.3.1焊接模擬的計(jì)算準(zhǔn)則 15
2.3.2應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系 17
2.3.3平衡方程 17
2.3.4焊接應(yīng)力場(chǎng)有限元求解方程 18
2.3.5提高計(jì)算精度和穩(wěn)定性的途徑 18
2.4 基于ANSYS軟件的焊接過程數(shù)值模擬 19
2.5 本章小結(jié) 20
第三章 焊接殘余應(yīng)力分布數(shù)值模擬及試驗(yàn)研究 21
3.1殘余應(yīng)力數(shù)值模擬 21
3.1.1基本假設(shè) 21
3.1.2有限元模型建立 21
3.1.3材料熱物理性能參數(shù)的確定 22
3.1.4焊接熱源的選取 22
3.1.5邊界條件 23
3.2數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果 23
3.3焊接殘余應(yīng)力測(cè)量的試驗(yàn)研究 24
3.3.1殘余應(yīng)力試驗(yàn)測(cè)量方法及原理 24
3.3.2試驗(yàn)焊件及工藝流程 26
3.3.3殘余應(yīng)力測(cè)量方案 26
3.4數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)值比較 28
3.5本章小結(jié) 30
第四章 典型縱骨對(duì)接過程數(shù)值模擬分析 33
4.1縱骨對(duì)接焊接殘余應(yīng)力計(jì)算 33
4.1.1研究對(duì)象 33
4.1.2有限元模型及網(wǎng)格劃分 34
4.1.3材料屬性定義 35
4.1.4焊接工藝參數(shù)選取 36
4.1.5數(shù)值模擬邊界條件 37
4.2典型縱骨不同截面對(duì)接工藝數(shù)值模擬 37
4.2.1焊接溫度場(chǎng)的分析 37
4.2.2殘余應(yīng)力場(chǎng)分析 38
4.3典型縱骨同一截面對(duì)接工藝數(shù)值模擬 40
4.3.1焊接溫度場(chǎng)的分析 40
4.3.2殘余應(yīng)力場(chǎng)結(jié)果 42
4.4不同工藝參數(shù)對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力影響分析 43
4.4.1焊縫不同間距布置對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力影響分析 43
4.4.2不同焊縫開口尺寸對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力的影響 45
4.5本章小結(jié) 47
第五章 殘余應(yīng)力影響下結(jié)構(gòu)的極限強(qiáng)度對(duì)比分析 49
5.1極限承載能力分析理論 49
5.1.1極限載荷狀態(tài)概述 49
5.1.2結(jié)構(gòu)極限強(qiáng)度分析理論 5..