摘要

隨著對(duì)于高速海上交通工具的需求的增長(zhǎng)，出現(xiàn)了很多先進(jìn)的船體型式的設(shè)計(jì)。滑行艇滑行過(guò)程中能夠產(chǎn)生動(dòng)升力，而且能有效減小興波阻力,在同樣的主機(jī)功率下能夠得到很高的速度。相比于普通船型，具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)?；型У乃畡?dòng)力性能與安全性緊密相關(guān)，由于滑行艇在航行時(shí)常處于不同的滑行狀態(tài),阻力成分及各成分的比例變化復(fù)雜，使滑行艇水動(dòng)力性能的研究遠(yuǎn)較常規(guī)排水船困難,目前尚有大量未解決的問(wèn)題。
應(yīng)用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent探討不同攻角、不同體積傅汝得數(shù)下的三維滑行艇靜水直航水動(dòng)力特性及流場(chǎng)分布，并與經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式估算值相比較，分析滑行艇的水動(dòng)力性能變化情況。通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化的數(shù)值模型與計(jì)算控制程序相結(jié)合，數(shù)值模擬滑行艇的升沉縱搖耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)行不同航行階段：排水航行階段、過(guò)渡階段和滑行階段下的滑行艇運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)比較分析，探討滑行艇從初始狀態(tài)開(kāi)始航行過(guò)程中的姿態(tài)調(diào)整，包括艇體重心位置的變化及航行中縱搖角的變化量，并將計(jì)算結(jié)果與固定姿態(tài)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較分析。以斜航試驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)，建立不同漂角下計(jì)算模型并運(yùn)用流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent展開(kāi)了滑行艇在滑行狀態(tài)下的數(shù)值模擬，包括計(jì)入風(fēng)載荷作用工況，對(duì)不同漂角三維滑行艇模型在滑行狀態(tài)下的阻力性能進(jìn)行比較分析。對(duì)數(shù)值結(jié)果進(jìn)行計(jì)算處理，得到水動(dòng)力系數(shù)測(cè)定曲線，為滑行艇水動(dòng)力系數(shù)的數(shù)值測(cè)定提供了一種擺脫實(shí)驗(yàn)條件限制的參考方法。對(duì)滑行艇水動(dòng)力性能研究由一定的實(shí)際意義和參考價(jià)值。
目前，對(duì)于滑行艇的水動(dòng)力性能研究還是個(gè)較困難的問(wèn)題，通常都是船模試驗(yàn)來(lái)解決。但是滑行艇的操縱性試驗(yàn)由于模型小、航速高，試驗(yàn)條件較為苛刻，這部分研究并不夠充分。通過(guò)CFD方法研究，能科學(xué)的模擬計(jì)算其航行情況，克服了試驗(yàn)的局限性，而且，在研究中將空氣和水結(jié)合起來(lái)考慮，更符合實(shí)際情況，對(duì)進(jìn)一步深入研究滑行艇水動(dòng)力性能有重要意義。隨著數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)的發(fā)展，用數(shù)值方法模擬滑行艇的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況來(lái)研究其運(yùn)動(dòng)性能，將成為具有重要意義的解決方案。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法為滑行艇水動(dòng)力性能研究提供了可靠的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，提出了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)及建議，為今后的研究起到鋪墊作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：三維滑行艇；水動(dòng)力特性；運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)；不同攻角；不同漂角；數(shù)值模擬



Abstract

Lots of advanced designs of hull form appear as the demand for high-speed marine vehicles increases. The planning ship can produce dynamic lift force during the planning process which can effectively reduce the wave making resistance and get higher speed under the same power of main motor. The planning ship has remarkable advantage in comparison with other hull forms. Hydrodynamic performance are closely interconnected with the safety of planning ship. The change of components of resistance force and the relative size of each item included in total is complex because of the planning ship is always in different movement state, so the research of hydrodynamic characteristics is much more difficult than other regular displacement type vessel, and there are still lots of problems unsolved.
This research focuses on the application of numerical simulation method which is used to study the changes of hydrodynamic force of 3D planning ship. Hydrodynamic performance of 3D planing ship was numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. Hydrodynamic characteristics of 3D planing ship model at two different attack angles and different Froude numbers were calculated. Results were compared with theoretical eva luation results and show good agreement. The surrounding flow field of planing ship during the motions was numerically simulated. By combining the simplified numerical model and computational control program, the heave-pitch coupled motion of planing ship was numerically simulated. Motion response of planing ship under different movement states was compared and analyzed. Curves of centre-of-gravity position and pitch angle were given in the paper and numerical results were compared with results of planing ship moving with fixed attitude. Based on loxodromic towing test, computational models of different drift angles were established and numerical simulation was carried out using Fluent. Resistance performance of planing ship under different drift angles were compared and analyzed. Curves about testing the hydrodynamic coefficients were presented. The study supplied a reference approach for hydrodynamic coefficient test which could get rid of the limit of experiment condition and had great significance in the research of hydrodynamic performance of planing ship.
At present, research on hydrodynamic performance of planing ship still has many unsolved problems which are always sloved by ship model test. Maneuvering test on planing ship is limited by experimental conditions because of the high speed of planing ship. Research in this field is not enough. So by the use of computational fluid dynamics, motions of planing ship can be scientifically simulated and calculated., Results are in accordance with the practice by combining air and water in the study. The method used in this paper has great significance for further study of hydrodynamic performance of planing ship. With the development of numerical simulation technology, the numerical simulation method will be more and more used in the research about motions of planing ship. This paper investigates applications of numerical simulat..