摘 要
在工業(yè)、企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)是工業(yè)設(shè)備作業(yè)情況的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控重要組成部分，也是保證企業(yè)正常、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)的重要手段。在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)要根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的需求，增加采集節(jié)點(diǎn)，以滿足對(duì)新增的生產(chǎn)參數(shù)進(jìn)行采集的目的。
本文在研究了數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的相關(guān)技術(shù)后，提出了一種基于CAN總線的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的解決方案。系統(tǒng)由主節(jié)點(diǎn)與若干從節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成。主節(jié)點(diǎn)和從節(jié)點(diǎn)之間通過(guò)CAN總線進(jìn)行通信。
本文設(shè)計(jì)了以AT89S52單片機(jī)作為主控芯片的底層數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)。具有模擬量輸入輸出，開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入輸出和CAN通信三個(gè)主要功能。能對(duì)工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的通用的1~5v電壓信號(hào)與開(kāi)關(guān)量進(jìn)行采集，并能通過(guò)輸出口控制外部設(shè)備。
以LPC2290為核心的MiniARM系列工控板為系統(tǒng)主節(jié)點(diǎn)，對(duì)從節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行管理與監(jiān)控。MiniARM系列工控板集成度高，開(kāi)發(fā)方便，接口功能齊全，運(yùn)算處理速度快，能滿足數(shù)據(jù)處理實(shí)時(shí)性的要求。
系統(tǒng)采用CAN總線作為系統(tǒng)通信的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線。控制器局域網(wǎng)CAN(Controller Aera Network)屬于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的范疇，CAN總線的數(shù)據(jù)通信具有可靠性、實(shí)時(shí)性和靈活性的特點(diǎn)，是一種有效支持集散控制系統(tǒng)和實(shí)時(shí)控制的多主串行總線。CAN作為一種新興的總線技術(shù)，具有高性能、高可靠性的特點(diǎn)。
基于CAN總線的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)，可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需要擴(kuò)展底層智能數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)量。CAN總線應(yīng)用層協(xié)議由作者自行定義和編寫，使之更加符合本系統(tǒng)的要求和特點(diǎn)。文中實(shí)現(xiàn)了在2個(gè)底層節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量的條件下，系統(tǒng)的正常工作。由于實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件的限制，底層節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量有限，所以文中考慮了當(dāng)系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展后，CAN總線通信負(fù)載加大，定性的分析了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性和可靠性，并給出了相對(duì)應(yīng)的解決方案，方便系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展。
最后，對(duì)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與論文作了總結(jié)并且對(duì)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用前景和一些可以改進(jìn)的地方進(jìn)行了展望。
關(guān)鍵詞 數(shù)據(jù)采集；CAN總線；單片機(jī)；MiniARM；



Abstract
In the production process of industry and enterprise，data acquisition technology is one of the most important parts of the dynamic monitoring of industrial equipments，as well as the important means to ensure the enterprise to run normally，securely and economically.To meet the demand of the field,data acquisition system can increase acquisition node,in order to acquire new parameters of production.
Based on studies of the application in industry of data acquisition system and Fieldbus-related technology，the author designs a CAN-based data acquisition system.The system consists of one master node and several slave nodes.Master and slave nodes communicate through the CAN bus.
Bottom data acquisition node is used AT89S52 as MCU,which is composed of analog quantity input and output,switch quantity input and output,CAN-BUS communication system.The system collects one normal voltage(1~5V) and switch signal and control external equipment by I/O ports.
The master node which uses the series of MiniARM embedcontrol board used LPC2290 as MCU supervise and manage all the slave nodes. MiniARM series industrial control board is highly integrated,easily to develop,completely communications interface，fast processing speed can meet the requirements of real-time data processing.
CAN(Controller Area Network)belongs to the FCS category.The data communication of CAN bus has features of high reliability,real-time and flexibility.The CAN-bus is multi-host serial bus which support the distributed control and real-time control efficiently.CAN,as a new bus technology,has features of good performances and high reliability.
Data acquisition system based on CAN-bus can increase the number of slave nodes to meet the demand of the industry field. The application layer protocol is defined by author in order to tally with the system. The whole system workes stably with four slave nodes.The lab conditions limited the number of the bottom nodes,so the paper is analyzed the system’s real time and reliability performance when the system is expanded,CAN-bus traffic load increased,and gives the corresponding solution for expanding easily.
At last,the author summarizes the system designment and the paper,look forward to the system’s application and some improvements.
Key Words Data acquisition;CAN-BUS;SCM;MiniARM;
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題的研究背景和現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集的發(fā)展史 1
1.3 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 3
1.4 本文主要工作及文章結(jié)構(gòu) 4
第2章 系統(tǒng)總體要求及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)概述 5
2.1 系統(tǒng)總體要求與功能 5
2.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)概述 6
2.2.1 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)介 6
2.2.2 流行的幾種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線 7
2.3 CAN總線簡(jiǎn)介 7
2.3.1 CAN總線的發(fā)展及其特點(diǎn) 8
2.3.2 CAN總線技術(shù)規(guī)范 9
2.3.3 CAN的應(yīng)用與前景 12
2.4 本章小結(jié) 13
第3章 底層智能數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì) 14
3.1 底層智能數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)介 14
3.1.1 主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)與功能要求 14
3.1.2 底層智能數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)方案 14
3.2 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 15
3.2.1 系統(tǒng)電源模塊 15
3.2.2 開(kāi)關(guān)量采集與輸出模塊 15
3.2.3 模擬量采集和輸出模塊 16
3.2.4 CAN通信模塊 20
3.2.5 看門狗電路 23
3.2.6 ISP下載電路 24
3.3 底層智能數(shù)據(jù)采集節(jié)點(diǎn)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 24
3.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理 25
3.3.2 CAN通信模塊軟件編程 24
3.4 本章小結(jié) 29
第4章 系統(tǒng)主節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì) 30
4.1 主節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái) 30
4.1.1 MiniARM核心板概述 30
4.1.2 MiniARM9080核心板特點(diǎn) 31
4.1.3 MiniARM-N9080核心板硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 31
4.2 M22A系列評(píng)..