摘 要

我國是歷史悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，基本國情決定了“三農(nóng)”問題成為中國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展過程中的瓶頸。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率問題就成為當前現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)中的一個重要課題。同時，大棚種植作為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中一個非常重要的形式在我國發(fā)展飛速，目前我國已擁有世界上最大的蔬菜保護生產(chǎn)面積。有效提高大棚種植生產(chǎn)效率保證低投入高產(chǎn)出，必須依賴于先進的農(nóng)業(yè)自動化技術(shù)和設(shè)備，對大棚內(nèi)的種植環(huán)境進行實時采集和控制，確保作物的最佳生長環(huán)境。目前市場上應(yīng)用較為廣泛的基于PLC、單片機或現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)的有線控制系統(tǒng)，雖然技術(shù)成熟，但在布線、成本、生產(chǎn)規(guī)?？蓴U展性等各方面存在局限。
本論文以上述系統(tǒng)的局限性為著眼點，探索基于無線通信技術(shù)的監(jiān)控方案；同時拋棄西方發(fā)達國家基于GIS、GPS技術(shù)的大田精確種植體系方案，探索構(gòu)建另外一種基于ZigBee技術(shù)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的智能控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)利用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)農(nóng)情信息的實時采集，利用ZigBee技術(shù)實現(xiàn)組網(wǎng)和數(shù)據(jù)通信，由路由節(jié)點根據(jù)目標地址實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)路徑的選擇，將農(nóng)情信息發(fā)送到PC虛擬控制終端，并參照專家數(shù)據(jù)庫的參數(shù)計算控制命令，發(fā)送到對應(yīng)的大棚基站對外圍電氣設(shè)備進行控制，從而最終實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)功能。
論文對基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能大棚控制系統(tǒng)作了詳細的闡述。該系統(tǒng)由分布在大棚內(nèi)的傳感器節(jié)點（終端設(shè)備）、大棚基站（路由器節(jié)點）和PC機終端節(jié)點（網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)調(diào)器）三部分組成。傳感器節(jié)點負責溫度、濕度、光照度和CO2濃度等農(nóng)情信息的采集，大棚基站負責農(nóng)情信息的匯總轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)以及大棚內(nèi)電氣設(shè)備的控制，PC機終端負責信息的匯總和與PC虛擬控制平臺的通信。
自適應(yīng)組網(wǎng)和數(shù)據(jù)通信路由算法的選擇上，論文分析了該系統(tǒng)基于ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點樹形拓撲的自適應(yīng)路由選擇算法。該算法在分層路由LEACH算法的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了該算法的缺陷并進行了改進。通過NS2仿真結(jié)果表明，改進后的算法網(wǎng)絡(luò)總體能耗平穩(wěn)，并有所降低，網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期大大提高。
經(jīng)系統(tǒng)測試，本文所設(shè)計的架構(gòu)合理，功能電路實現(xiàn)較好，系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定，性能優(yōu)良，成本低廉，較好地達到了預(yù)期的各項指標，具有一定的推廣價值。

關(guān)鍵詞 智能控制；精確種植；無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)；ZigBee技術(shù)；CC2430；


Abstract

Since China is a great agricultural country with long history, the basic national condition dicides that issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers to become a serious problem in economic and social development process. Agricultural production efficiency will become an important subject in modern agricultural development. At the same time, as a important form of farming, greenhouse develops rapitly in our country, and up to now, we have the world's largest greenhouse area. Growth in production efficiency depends on advanced agricultural equipment and automatic technology, which help collecting real-time imformation and controlling to keep a best growing environment for the plants in the greenhouse. Extensive application based on PLC, MCU or field bus technique in the market which are all wired control system, have limitations in wiring or price or scalability.
Having the disadvantages of the systems above in mind, another control system based on wireless communication is brought out without considering of the precision farming method using GIS and GPS in western countries, which using WSN based on ZigBee technology. This control system uses WSN to collect real-time farming imformation and uses ZigBee to form the network and do data communication, while routers choose best communication ways according to target address and send the information to PCcontrol terminal. Then PC will give control command according to expert database and send the commands to base station in the greenhouse to operate peripheral equipments.
The intelligent control system based on WSN is introduced in detail in this article, which is consist of three parts. One part is sensor nodes (also called terminal instruments) distributing in the greenhouse which are used to collect argricultural information such as temperature, humidity, photometric quantity and so on. The second part is the greenhouse base-station (also called router nodes), which is used to gather the information, transmit them and to operate electrical equipment. The last part is terminal (also called pan coordinator), which is used to gather the information and communicate with virtual control platform in PC.
In terms of adaptive network forming and data communication routing algorithms choosing, an adaptive routing choice algorithms based on tree topology used in ZigBee network in this system is analyzed. This algorithm is based on LEACH algorithm, and the disadvantage of which is analyzed and improved in this article. Simulating results show that, after improving, energy consumption of the whole network is reduced and becomes more balanced, thus the lifecycle of the network is greatly lengthened.
After testing, the architecture of the control system designed in this paper is quite reasonable and each module circuit works well. The whole system is stable and of good properties and low price, which reaches every expected standards in advance.

Keywords intelligent control; precision farming; WSN; ZigBee; CC2430;



目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 錄 IV
Content VII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題的背景 1
1.1.1 農(nóng)業(yè)信息化 1-..