摘 要

我國(guó)是歷史悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，基本國(guó)情決定了“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中的瓶頸。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率問(wèn)題就成為當(dāng)前現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)中的一個(gè)重要課題。同時(shí)，大棚種植作為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中一個(gè)非常重要的形式在我國(guó)發(fā)展飛速，目前我國(guó)已擁有世界上最大的蔬菜保護(hù)生產(chǎn)面積。有效提高大棚種植生產(chǎn)效率保證低投入高產(chǎn)出，必須依賴于先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)和設(shè)備，對(duì)大棚內(nèi)的種植環(huán)境進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)采集和控制，確保作物的最佳生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境。目前市場(chǎng)上應(yīng)用較為廣泛的基于PLC、單片機(jī)或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)的有線控制系統(tǒng)，雖然技術(shù)成熟，但在布線、成本、生產(chǎn)規(guī)模可擴(kuò)展性等各方面存在局限。
本論文以上述系統(tǒng)的局限性為著眼點(diǎn)，探索基于無(wú)線通信技術(shù)的監(jiān)控方案；同時(shí)拋棄西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家基于GIS、GPS技術(shù)的大田精確種植體系方案，探索構(gòu)建另外一種基于ZigBee技術(shù)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的智能控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)利用無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)情信息的實(shí)時(shí)采集，利用ZigBee技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)組網(wǎng)和數(shù)據(jù)通信，由路由節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)目標(biāo)地址實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)路徑的選擇，將農(nóng)情信息發(fā)送到PC虛擬控制終端，并參照專家數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的參數(shù)計(jì)算控制命令，發(fā)送到對(duì)應(yīng)的大棚基站對(duì)外圍電氣設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制，從而最終實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)功能。
論文對(duì)基于無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的智能大棚控制系統(tǒng)作了詳細(xì)的闡述。該系統(tǒng)由分布在大棚內(nèi)的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)（終端設(shè)備）、大棚基站（路由器節(jié)點(diǎn)）和PC機(jī)終端節(jié)點(diǎn)（網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)調(diào)器）三部分組成。傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)溫度、濕度、光照度和CO2濃度等農(nóng)情信息的采集，大棚基站負(fù)責(zé)農(nóng)情信息的匯總轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)以及大棚內(nèi)電氣設(shè)備的控制，PC機(jī)終端負(fù)責(zé)信息的匯總和與PC虛擬控制平臺(tái)的通信。
自適應(yīng)組網(wǎng)和數(shù)據(jù)通信路由算法的選擇上，論文分析了該系統(tǒng)基于ZigBee網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)樹(shù)形拓?fù)涞淖赃m應(yīng)路由選擇算法。該算法在分層路由LEACH算法的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了該算法的缺陷并進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。通過(guò)NS2仿真結(jié)果表明，改進(jìn)后的算法網(wǎng)絡(luò)總體能耗平穩(wěn)，并有所降低，網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期大大提高。
經(jīng)系統(tǒng)測(cè)試，本文所設(shè)計(jì)的架構(gòu)合理，功能電路實(shí)現(xiàn)較好，系統(tǒng)工作穩(wěn)定，性能優(yōu)良，成本低廉，較好地達(dá)到了預(yù)期的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，具有一定的推廣價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵詞 智能控制；精確種植；無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)；ZigBee技術(shù)；CC2430；


Abstract

Since China is a great agricultural country with long history, the basic national condition dicides that issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers to become a serious problem in economic and social development process. Agricultural production efficiency will become an important subject in modern agricultural development. At the same time, as a important form of farming, greenhouse develops rapitly in our country, and up to now, we have the world's largest greenhouse area. Growth in production efficiency depends on advanced agricultural equipment and automatic technology, which help collecting real-time imformation and controlling to keep a best growing environment for the plants in the greenhouse. Extensive application based on PLC, MCU or field bus technique in the market which are all wired control system, have limitations in wiring or price or scalability.
Having the disadvantages of the systems above in mind, another control system based on wireless communication is brought out without considering of the precision farming method using GIS and GPS in western countries, which using WSN based on ZigBee technology. This control system uses WSN to collect real-time farming imformation and uses ZigBee to form the network and do data communication, while routers choose best communication ways according to target address and send the information to PCcontrol terminal. Then PC will give control command according to expert database and send the commands to base station in the greenhouse to operate peripheral equipments.
The intelligent control system based on WSN is introduced in detail in this article, which is consist of three parts. One part is sensor nodes (also called terminal instruments) distributing in the greenhouse which are used to collect argricultural information such as temperature, humidity, photometric quantity and so on. The second part is the greenhouse base-station (also called router nodes), which is used to gather the information, transmit them and to operate electrical equipment. The last part is terminal (also called pan coordinator), which is used to gather the information and communicate with virtual control platform in PC.
In terms of adaptive network forming and data communication routing algorithms choosing, an adaptive routing choice algorithms based on tree topology used in ZigBee network in this system is analyzed. This algorithm is based on LEACH algorithm, and the disadvantage of which is analyzed and improved in this article. Simulating results show that, after improving, energy consumption of the whole network is reduced and becomes more balanced, thus the lifecycle of the network is greatly lengthened.
After testing, the architecture of the control system designed in this paper is quite reasonable and each module circuit works well. The whole system is stable and of good properties and low price, which reaches every expected standards in advance.

Keywords intelligent control; precision farming; WSN; ZigBee; CC2430;



目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 錄 IV
Content VII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題的背景 1
1.1.1 農(nóng)業(yè)信息化 1-..