摘 要
目前，能源短缺和生態(tài)危機等問題已經(jīng)引起了世界各國的廣泛關注，人類正在不斷尋求新的替代能源。其中，太陽能是大量應用的主要常規(guī)替代能源之一，而光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)技術是太陽能利用的主要發(fā)展趨勢，必將得到飛速的發(fā)展。本文就對光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進行了詳細的介紹，并對系統(tǒng)控制算法、系統(tǒng)仿真、軟硬件設計等方面進行了深入的探索。
本文首先對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的結構以及工作原理進行了詳細的介紹，根據(jù)并網(wǎng)逆變器的要求，確定適合本文的并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)的拓撲結構。
其次對系統(tǒng)的控制策略進行了深入的研究?；诠夥孀兿到y(tǒng)的控制目標，分析了常用逆變器控制方式，并選擇了SPWM控制方式作為本系統(tǒng)控制方式。對DDS原理進行了分析，采用等精度測頻方法進行頻率檢測和基于等精度測頻方法的相位檢測。
本文還對光伏電池的工作原理進行了分析，得到光伏電池的等效電路和輸出特性。通過對常用的最大功率點跟蹤控制（MPPT）算法的分析和比較，提出了采用逐次逼近型算法來實現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)的最大功率點跟蹤，以提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和快速性。最后應用DDS技術實現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的頻率、相位跟蹤和最大功率電跟蹤。
最后基于TMS320F2812高速數(shù)字信號處理器，對該光伏系統(tǒng)的軟硬件部分分別進行了設計。硬件部分的工作中，本文詳細設計了系統(tǒng)主電路和控制電路的結構、對參數(shù)計算進行了說明，完成了主電路硬件的設計。軟件部分則給出了系統(tǒng)的軟件流程圖。本文對光伏系統(tǒng)進行了仿真建模，并對仿真結果進行了分析。同時對系統(tǒng)的SPWM控制方式進行實驗，給出了實驗結果。最后對本論文的工作進行了總結，指出該系統(tǒng)存在的不足，對以后的研究工作進行了展望。

關鍵詞 光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電；最大功率點跟蹤；逆變器



Abstract
The problems of energy resource crisis and circumstance pollution have been received extensive attention around world, and human should find new replace resource. Solar energy is one of the main replace resources of conventional resources which used widely. Photovoltaic(PV) generate electricity grid-connected technology will be the main utilization of solar energy, so it will be developed rapidly. Based on it, residential PV grid-connected system(PGCS) is introduced in detail and its control algorithm, simulation, hardware and software designs are researched deeply.
Firstly, the structure and operational principle of PV grid-connected generate system are introduced in detail. Based on the requirement of PV grid-connected inverter, the best topology of PV grid-connected system is chose. DDS principle is analyzed, using equal precision measuring frequency method for frequency detection, and based on the equal precision measuring frequency methods for phase detection.
Secondly, the control strategies of the grid-connected PV system are researched deeply. Based on PV system control targets, the common grid control methods are analysed, and SPWM control as control method of PV grid inverter is determined. The principle of DDS is analysed. At the same time, soft PLL is introduced in detail. The structure of Phase locked loop circuit and operating principle are researched. The tracks of frequency and phase are achieved by using DDS technology.
Moreover, based on the operational principle of PV cells is analysed, the equivalent circuit and performance characteristic are obtained. By comparising several traditional Maximum Power Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithms, gradual approximation control algorithm is designed to achieve PV system of the maximum power output and improve system performance and maximum power point tracking speed. Finally using DDS technoloy to realize frequency tracking, phase tracking and MPPT of grid system
At last, based on TMS320F2182 high-speed digital signal processors, hardware configuration and control stratagem of the whole PV system are designed. Topologies of main circuit and control circuits are designed, calculation and chosen relative parameters are provided. The corresponding software flow chart is shown in the software part. By building model of PV system simulation, the results of simulation and experiment are provided and the waveforms are analysed. Finally, the full work was summarized. At the same time, some insufficiencies in the paper were pointed out and research content on this subject in the future was made predicted.

Key words PV grid-connected power generation; maximum power point tracking(MPPT); inverter

目 錄
摘要 I
Abstract III
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 課題研究的背景和意義 1
1.2 光伏發(fā)電在國內外的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 2
1.3 課題研究的主要內容 5
第2章 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工作原理及拓補結構 6
2.1 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的組成 6
2.2 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工作原理 7
2.3 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的拓撲結構 8
2.4 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的要求 9
2.5 并網(wǎng)逆變器的拓撲 10
2.6 本文所研究光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)總體結構 12
2.7 本章小結 13
第3章 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)控制策略的研究 14
3.1 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的控制目標 14
3.2 并網(wǎng)逆變器控制方式分析 15
3.3 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)逆變控制方式 15
3.3 基于SPWM的并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制方式 16
3.3.1 SPWM控制原理 16
3.3.2系統(tǒng)控制模型的建立 18
3.3.3 基于PI反饋控制的電流閉環(huán) 20
3.4 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)頻率跟蹤、相位跟蹤研究 21
3.4.1 DDS技術原理 21
3.4.2 NCO的實現(xiàn) 23
3.4.3頻率計的研究 23
3.4.4相位檢測 25-br..