摘 要
本文對(duì)微網(wǎng)控制策略、微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)控制算法、系統(tǒng)仿真等方面進(jìn)行了深入的探討。
本文首先對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制策略進(jìn)行了深入的研究。在介紹下垂控制原理的基礎(chǔ)上，指出了選取不同下垂系數(shù)對(duì)微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)線性負(fù)載功率分配的影響；采用變頻率下垂控制方法，理論上解決兩個(gè)分布式電源(DR)并聯(lián)時(shí)微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)輸出頻率無(wú)誤差；并且比較了各微網(wǎng)控制策略的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。
本文其次對(duì)光伏電池的工作原理進(jìn)行了分析，得到光伏電池的等效電路和輸出特性。通過(guò)對(duì)常用的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制(MPPT)算法的分析和比較，采用逐次逼近型算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)的最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤，以提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和快速性。并對(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及工作原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹，根據(jù)并網(wǎng)逆變器的要求，確定適合本文的并網(wǎng)逆變系統(tǒng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用直接數(shù)字頻率合成(DDS)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的頻率、相位跟蹤和最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)。
本文另外設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，包含兩個(gè)DR，它們分別采用不同的控制策略進(jìn)行控制，DR1采用雙閉環(huán)P/Q控制策略，DR2采用多閉環(huán)f/P-V/Q控制策略。本文分別完成了SPWM控制器設(shè)計(jì)、濾波器設(shè)計(jì)以及P/Q控制器及f/P-V/Q控制器的設(shè)計(jì)、相位檢測(cè)程序設(shè)計(jì)、開(kāi)關(guān)并網(wǎng)程序設(shè)計(jì)等。選擇SPWM方式作為本系統(tǒng)逆變控制方式，采用等精度相位檢測(cè)法及DDS技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了分布式電源并網(wǎng)電流與電網(wǎng)電壓的頻率、相位相同以滿足并網(wǎng)的要求。
本文最后對(duì)光伏電池、單相光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)、微網(wǎng)孤島模式恒定功率控制、微網(wǎng)f/P-V/Q控制并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真和分析，仿真結(jié)果證明本文所采用的控制方式和算法滿足設(shè)計(jì)的要求。最后對(duì)本論文的工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，指出該系統(tǒng)存在的不足，對(duì)以后的研究工作進(jìn)行了展望。

關(guān)鍵詞 微網(wǎng)；分布式電源；控制策略；下垂控制


Abstract
In this paper control strategy of micro-grid, control system, system simulation are researched deeply.
Firstly, the control strategies of the grid-connected micro-grid system are researched deeply. In the introduction of droop control theory, this paper pointed out the different power distribution on linear load by using different droop Coefficient on the system of micro-grid; this paper realization on no differential regulation of paralleled DR micro-grid system on the control of variable frequency; this paper also compared all kinds of control strategies.
Secondly, based on the operational principle of PV cells is analysised, the equivalent circuit and performance characteristic are obtained. By comparising several traditional Maximum Power Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithms, gradual approximation control algorithm is designed to achieve PV system of the maximum power output and improve system performance and maximum power point tracking speed. Finally this paper used DDS technoloy to realize frequency tracking, phase tracking and MPPT of grid system. The structure and operational principle of PV grid-connected generate system are introduced in detail. Based on the requirement of PV grid-connected inverter, the best topology of PV grid-connected system is chose.
This paper designed a system of micro-grid, different control strategies were adopted on different DRs, double closed loop control strategy of P/Q was adopted on DR1 and multiple loop control strategy on DR2. This paper completed the designing of SPWM controller, filter, phase detection, P/Q controller, f/P-V/Q controller, and switch parallelling. SPWM controlling is selected as the system control mode and method of equal precision phase detection was also choosen, this papaer used DDS technoloy to realize frequency tracking and phase tracking in order to meet the requirements of grid.
At the end of this paper, photovoltaic cells, single phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, microgrid islanded mode in the control of constant power, system in f/P-V/Q control were analyzed and simulated, the results showed that the control method and algorithm meet the design requirements. Finally, this paper summarized the whole work, pointed out the deficiencies of the system, and prospected more work.


Keywords micro-grid; distributed resource; control strategy; droop control
目 錄
摘 要 ………. ………………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract III
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景及意義 1
1.2 微網(wǎng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 1
1.3 微網(wǎng)技術(shù)綜述 3
1.3.1 微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)特征及新能源發(fā)電的應(yīng)用 3
1.3.2 微網(wǎng)控制策略綜述 5
1.3.3 微網(wǎng)中儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)綜述 8
1.4 本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 10
第2章 微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的控制策略研究 11
2.1 下垂控制原理 11
2.1.1 基于下垂法的同步并聯(lián) 11
2.1.2 下垂系數(shù)與線性負(fù)載功率均分 13
2.2 含多個(gè)DR的微網(wǎng)控制策略研究 15
2.2.1 微網(wǎng)控制策略比較 15
2.2.2 并聯(lián)DR輸出頻率的無(wú)差調(diào)節(jié) 16
2.3本章小結(jié) 18
第3章 微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中的分布式電源控制 19
3.1微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 19
3.2光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)工作原理 20
3.2.1 光伏電池的工作原理 20
3.2.2 光伏陣列建模 21
3.2.3 光伏電池的特性 22
3.2.4 最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤（MPPT）控制 23
3.3 光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)控制技術(shù) 25
3.3.1 光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 26
3.3.2 正弦波脈寬調(diào)制 27
3.3.3 頻率測(cè)量跟蹤模塊 28
3.3.4 相位測(cè)量跟蹤模塊 30
3.4 本章小結(jié) 31
第4章 微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)工作原理及模型設(shè)計(jì) 32
4.1微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) 32
4.1.1 三相SPWM逆變電路原理 32
4.1.2 濾波器設(shè)計(jì) 33
4.2 P/Q控制器設(shè)計(jì) 35
4.3.1 PI控制器 38
4.3.2 雙閉環(huán)模..