摘 要
配網(wǎng)自動化中重要的核心部分——饋線自動化，具有很強(qiáng)的工程應(yīng)用背景和巨大的市場潛力。在電力行業(yè)里，最為重要的就是時間，因?yàn)殡娔軣o法儲存，故其生產(chǎn)、輸送、分配和消費(fèi)都必須在同一時間內(nèi)完成，本文就以這個為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以滿足電力用戶越來越高的用電需要為目的展開的研究。
本文在傳統(tǒng)配網(wǎng)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，將配網(wǎng)圖形加以簡化，并結(jié)合目前使用最多的分層拓?fù)淠Ｐ托纬涩F(xiàn)代的配電網(wǎng)拓?fù)淠Ｐ?，該模型不僅可以將配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)完整的表示出來，而且非常易于計算及存儲。
本文以故障定位的快速性、實(shí)時性為主要考慮因素，選定矩陣算法及過熱弧搜尋算法作為故障定位的基礎(chǔ)算法，針對這兩種算法的低容錯性及對包含T接點(diǎn)區(qū)域的不確定性進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。通過將耦合點(diǎn)納入網(wǎng)絡(luò)描述矩陣，并與故障信息丟失節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)分，分別判斷處理并研究出了一種新的矩陣算法判定準(zhǔn)則以解決上述問題；對于過熱弧搜索算法是把對過熱弧的搜尋轉(zhuǎn)變成對過熱區(qū)域的搜索，并給出了過熱區(qū)域的詳細(xì)搜尋步驟；同時對饋線測控終端上傳故障信息不完備或錯誤的情況給出了相應(yīng)對策，即在進(jìn)行故障定位前先對接收到的原始故障信息進(jìn)行組合糾錯，再將糾錯完成后的高正確性故障信息，組成新的故障信息序列，作為算法的輸入數(shù)據(jù)。最后將兩種改進(jìn)后的算法結(jié)合使用，形成了本文的故障定位算法——新型圖論類故障定位算法。
完成對配電網(wǎng)的故障定位、隔離后，緊接著要進(jìn)行非故障區(qū)域的恢復(fù)。本文選取以降低網(wǎng)損和均衡負(fù)荷為目標(biāo)函數(shù)進(jìn)行重構(gòu)，采用前推回代法計算網(wǎng)絡(luò)潮流。配網(wǎng)的重構(gòu)算法選用蟻群算法，針對蟻群算法收斂速度慢、計算時間過長的現(xiàn)象，研究出了一種基于配網(wǎng)重構(gòu)的人工蟻群算法，算法中構(gòu)造了解元件庫以及預(yù)防出現(xiàn)不可行解的“預(yù)防”算子和“修正”算子，“預(yù)防”算子引入了一種候選集平衡策略，“修正”算子用以加快算法從不可行區(qū)域的逃離。仿真結(jié)果表明該算法在解決了上述問題的基礎(chǔ)上有效地維持了搜索空間探索與開采的平衡，提高了算法性能。
這樣就完整的對饋線自動化功能進(jìn)行了分析和研究，最后通過兩個具有代表性的實(shí)例對論文中的算法一一進(jìn)行仿真分析，由仿真結(jié)果得出本文算法的正確性、可行性及優(yōu)越性。

關(guān)鍵詞　饋線自動化；故障定位；矩陣算法；過熱弧搜尋算法；配網(wǎng)重構(gòu)
Abstract
The most important part of the distribution automation system is feeder automation, which has great application background and tremendous marketable value. In the distribution automation system, the key factor is time. For electrical energy can’t be stored, so it’s production, transportation, distribution and consumption must be completed at the same time. The paper takes this as a starting point, in order to meet the more and more electric needs of users.
However, the feeder automation is related to the topology model for distribution networks. On the base of analysis of traditional models and the hierarchical topology model, this paper presents a new model----the modern hierarchical topology model. The model not only can indicate the distribution networks, but also easy to calculate. When the structure of networks is complex, advantages will be more obvious.
The paper chose matrix algorithm and over-heated arc searching algorithm to be the basic algorithm. The two algorithms improved respectively. Consider to put the coupling point into the network description matrix, and to distinguish each node of the fault information to resolve its issue.For over-heated arc searching algorithm, paper propose over-heated region searching algorithm for complex multi-source distribution network. By means of estimating the faulty section of the over-heated region instead of the over-heated arc as well as introducing of the vertex-to-arc load and regional load, a concise algorithm to separate minimum distribution region is given and the searching steps of over-heated region are discoursed upon in detail. Meanwhile, for the incomplete fault information of feeder’s measurement and control terminal, the solution is to deal with the fault information before ues it to diagnose fault position. Then, put the two improved algorithms together to form a new location algorithm----new graph theory arithmetic of fault location. Through the typical example’s results show that the approaches propossed are correct and validity.
Then complete the fault location and fault quarantine, the paper come to recovery part. The essence of recovery of non-fault region is reconfiguration of distribution networks, which is a key function of distribution automation system. The fourth chapter of this paper proposed the way to choose objective functions of reconfiguration of distribution networks. This paper chooses loss reduction and loads equalization to be objective functions, and use forword and backward substitution method to calculation the network’s flow. At last, ant colony algorithm is the best choose to change the configuration of distribution networks. A artificial ant colony algorithm based on grid has been proposed, which promises excellent performance not only in the convergence speed but also in the quality of solution.
Final, the result of research work shows that the algorithms used in this paper enhanced the fault tolerant and offer a new approach for fault section diagnosis and reconfiguration of distribution networks.

Keywords　feeder automation(FA); fault section diagnosis; matrix algorithm; ove..