M7120磨床液壓傳動(dòng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)相關(guān)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文，里面有詳細(xì)的圖紙，ppt,說明書，外文翻譯。

 目錄
摘要•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
Abstract•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
前言••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3
1.液壓系統(tǒng)性能與參數(shù)的初步確定••••••••••••••••••••••••5
1.1磨床的工作循環(huán)圖及原始數(shù)據(jù)••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
1.2工況分析、繪制工況圖••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
  1.2.1進(jìn)行負(fù)載分析，繪制負(fù)載-位移曲線•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6
  1.2.2進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)分析，繪制速度-位移曲線•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6
  1.2.3確定液壓缸尺寸••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7
  1.2.4繪制液壓缸工況圖•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12
2.擬定液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖，繪制電磁鐵動(dòng)作循環(huán)表•••••••••••13
2.1擬定磨床液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13
  2.1.1選擇調(diào)速閥和速度切換回路•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••13
  2.1.2選擇快速運(yùn)動(dòng)回路•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••16
  2.1.3選擇能源•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••16
2.2繪制該液壓系統(tǒng)的電磁鐵動(dòng)作循環(huán)表•••••••••••••••••••••17
3.計(jì)算和選擇液壓元件•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••17
3.1選擇液壓泵•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••17
3.2選擇控制閥•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••19
3.3確定油箱容量•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••21
3.4其他附件的確定•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••22
4.設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••24
5.致謝•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••26
                 設(shè)計(jì)說明書
摘要：液壓傳動(dòng)有許多突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)用范圍很廣泛，如一般工業(yè)用的塑料加工機(jī)械、壓力機(jī)械、機(jī)床等；行走機(jī)械中的工程機(jī)械、建筑機(jī)械、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、汽車等；鋼鐵工業(yè)用的冶金機(jī)械、提升裝置、軋輥調(diào)整裝置等；土木水利工程用的防洪閘門及堤壩裝置、河床升降裝置、橋梁操縱機(jī)構(gòu)等；發(fā)電廠渦輪機(jī)調(diào)速裝置、核發(fā)電廠等國；船舶用的甲板起重機(jī)械（絞車）、船頭門、艙壁閥、船尾推進(jìn)器等；特殊技術(shù)用的巨型天線控制裝置、測量浮標(biāo)、升降旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺(tái)等；軍事工業(yè)用的火炮操縱裝置、船舶減搖裝置、飛行器仿真、飛機(jī)起落架的收放裝置和方向舵控制裝置等。液壓傳動(dòng)的基本原理是在密閉的容器內(nèi)，利用有壓力的油液作為工作介質(zhì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)能量轉(zhuǎn)換和傳遞動(dòng)力的。其中的液體稱為工作介質(zhì)，一般為礦物油，它的作用和機(jī)械傳動(dòng)中的皮帶、鏈條和齒輪等傳動(dòng)元件相類似。在液壓傳動(dòng)中，液壓油缸就是一個(gè)最簡單而又比較完整的液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，分析它的工作過程，可以清楚的了解液壓傳動(dòng)的基本原理.，組成所需要的各種控制回路，再由若干回路有機(jī)組合成為完成一定控制功能的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來完成能量的傳遞、轉(zhuǎn)換和控制。從原理上來說，液壓傳動(dòng)所基于的最基本的原理就是帕斯卡原理，就是說，液體各處的壓強(qiáng)是一致的，這樣，在平衡的系統(tǒng)中，比較小的活塞上面施加的壓力比較小，而大的活塞上施加的壓力也比較大，這樣能夠保持液體的靜止。所以通過液體的傳遞，可以得到不同端上的不同的壓力，這樣就可以達(dá)到一個(gè)變換的目的。我們所常見到的液壓千斤頂就是利用了這個(gè)原理來達(dá)到力的傳遞。
隨著科技步伐的加快，液壓技術(shù)在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，液壓系統(tǒng)也成為主機(jī)設(shè)備中最關(guān)鍵的部分之一。本文主要研究的是液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)需要與主機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)同時(shí)進(jìn)行。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，主要任務(wù)是綜合運(yùn)用前面各章的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),學(xué)習(xí)液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟、內(nèi)容和方法。通過學(xué)習(xí)，能根據(jù)工作要求確定液壓系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)、系統(tǒng)原理圖，能進(jìn)行必要的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，合理地選擇和確定液壓元件，對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)的液壓系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)算，為進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行液壓系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)打下基礎(chǔ)。必須從實(shí)際情況出發(fā)，有機(jī)的結(jié)合各種傳動(dòng)形式，充分發(fā)揮液壓傳動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，力求設(shè)計(jì)出結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、成本低、效率高、操作簡單、維修方便的液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。
例如，液壓缸是液壓傳動(dòng)中的主要執(zhí)行元件之一，它是把液壓能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能的能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置。液壓缸結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠，廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械的液壓傳動(dòng)中。液壓缸的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，有多種不同的液壓缸進(jìn)行選擇，所以，在液壓缸的選擇時(shí)必須了解各類液壓缸的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及適用范圍，目前，工業(yè)中常用的液壓缸的結(jié)構(gòu)形式有活塞缸、柱塞缸、擺動(dòng)缸三大類。活塞缸和柱塞缸可實(shí)現(xiàn)往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，輸出速度和推力；擺動(dòng)缸則實(shí)現(xiàn)往復(fù)擺動(dòng)，輸出角速度（轉(zhuǎn)速）和轉(zhuǎn)矩。本次設(shè)計(jì)的液壓系統(tǒng)要求動(dòng)作可靠，且為往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，故應(yīng)采用活塞缸。而且單作用活塞缸可以輸出多種速度。本液壓系統(tǒng)只要求動(dòng)作可靠，滑動(dòng)水口打開速度要快，綜合考慮上述兩種活塞缸的適應(yīng)場合、制造成本及體積大小等因素，本液壓系統(tǒng)采用單作用活塞缸。
本設(shè)計(jì)同樣以活塞缸入手。
1）歸納原始數(shù)據(jù)。加工工件最大尺寸630×200×320，鋼坯密度7.8kg/m³，則                                                                            
     m=ρ×v=7.85×(630×200×320)=316.512kg                
     G=m•g=3101.82N                                        
    動(dòng)摩擦因素為μd=0.1     靜摩擦因素為μs=0.2
    △t=0.13   V進(jìn)=0.1m/s V退=0.2m/s
2）選擇液壓缸并確定液壓缸尺寸
通過比較活塞缸，柱塞缸，擺動(dòng)缸的用途及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，選擇使用單桿活塞缸，運(yùn)用公式計(jì)算出液壓缸的內(nèi)徑D，計(jì)算活塞桿直徑d，各工作階段活塞缸壓力P1，流量Q及功率P。并繪制工況圖。
3）液壓傳動(dòng)原理設(shè)計(jì)
擬定液壓傳動(dòng)原理圖，設(shè)計(jì)各類回路，本設(shè)計(jì)所包括的回路有速度切換回路，換向回路，快速運(yùn)動(dòng)回路。
4）液壓泵及其他液壓輔件選擇
①通過比較葉片泵，柱塞泵，齒輪泵優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，選擇使用單作用變量葉片泵。計(jì)算葉片泵額定壓力及額定流量。
②確定電機(jī)功率。
③選擇控制閥，本設(shè)計(jì)需要選擇的液壓閥有節(jié)流閥，溢流閥，三位四通換向閥等。
④ 計(jì)算油箱容量及輸油管內(nèi)徑
    液壓作為一個(gè)廣泛應(yīng)用的技術(shù)，在未來更是有廣闊的前景。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)的深入發(fā)展，液壓控制系統(tǒng)可以和智能控制的技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)控制的技術(shù)等技術(shù)結(jié)合起來，這樣就能夠在更多的場合中發(fā)揮作用，也可以更加精巧的、更加靈活地完成預(yù)期的控制任務(wù)。

關(guān)鍵字：液壓傳動(dòng)，數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算，裝量

Abstract: Hydraulic transmission has many outstanding qualities. So it applied in a wild range. Such as general industrial plastic processing machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; Walking in the mechanical engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobile, etc.; Steel industrial metallurgy mechanical, improve device, roll adjusting device, etc.; With the flood control engineering, etc; the gates and the dam device, lifting devices river bridge, manipulated mechanism, etc.; Power plant turbines control device, nuclear power plant and other countries; The deck of the ship in hoisting machinery (winch), the bow to the door, the bulkhead valve, the stern thrusters, etc.; Special technology giant antenna with control devices, measuring buoy, lift revolving stage, etc ;Military industrial gun control devices, ship roll reduction device, aircraft simulation, the plane landing gear device and rudder control devices, etc. The basic principle of hydraulic drive is to use pressure oil as medium to realize the energy conversion and transfer of power in an airtight container inside. The liquid called work medium, generally for mineral oil, the role of the mechanical transmission belt, and the chain and gears and transmission components are similar. In hydraulic transmission, hydraulic oil cylinder is one of the most simple and relatively complete hydraulic transmission system, and analyzes its working process, can clear understanding of the basic principle of hydraulic drive. And the needs of the various of control circuit, again by several loop organic combination become complete certain control functions of transmission system to complete the transfer of energy conversion, and control. In principle , hydraulic transmission is based on the basic principle is PASCAL principle, that is the liquid pressure of the everywhere is consistent, and, as such, in the balance of the system, the smaller the pistons put pressure on smaller, and big put pressure on the piston is also great and it will keep the stillness of liquid. So through the liquid of transmission, we can get different serve the different kinds of pressure, so that it can achieve the purpose of a transformation. We have common to the hydraulic jack is to use this principle to force transfer.                            
    With the quickening pace of science and technology, hydraulic technology in many fields of a wide range of applications, hydraulic system also become the host of the most important part of the equipment of one. This paper mainly studies the hydraulic transmission system, hydraulic transmission system design need and the host of the overall design simultaneously. In the design, the main task is to comprehensive use of the basic knowledge of front chapters to learn hydraulic system design steps, content and the method. Through the study, according to the job requirements to determine the main parameters of hydraulic system, system diagram, and it can make the necessary design calculation, a reasonable choice and determine the hydraulic components for the design of hydraulic system performance check calculate, further for the hydraulic system structure design to lay the foundation. From actual conditions , organic combine all kinds of transmission form and give full play to the advantages of hydraulic transmission, strive to design a simple structure, reliable operation, high efficiency, low cost, simple operation, convenient maintenance hydraulic drive system.
For example, hydraulic cylinder is one of the main executive components of hydraulic transmission , and it is the hydraulic can convert into mechanical energy conversion devices. The hydraulic cylinder holds simple structure, reliable operation. So it widely used in mechanical hydraulic transmission. When design the hydraulic cylinder, there are a variety of different hydraulic cylinder for choice. So, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of hydraulic cylinder and applicable range. Currently, the industrial used in the structure of the hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder, form a piston cylinder, the swinging cylinder three categories. The piston cylinder and piston cylinder can realize reciprocal linear movement and output speed and thrust; while the swinging cylinder is to reciprocating swings, output angular velocity (speed) and torque. The design of the hydraulic system requires of reliable and for reciprocating linear motion, thus it should be the piston cylinder. And single function piston cylinder can output the multiple speeds. Differential connection can also achieve rapid movement. The volume is smaller than double rods piston cylinder, compact structure. The hydraulic system only requires reliable and fast open speed of the sliding outlet. Considering the above two kinds of piston cylinder to the occasion, manufacturing cost and size and other factors, the hydraulic system using differential single function piston cylinder.
    This design from the same starting with piston cylinder.
1) summarized the original data. Machining largest size 630 x 200 x 320, billet density 7.8 kg/m ³, then
M = ρ × v = 7.85 by (630 x 200 x 320) = 316.512 kg
G = m • G = 3101.82 N
Frictional factor as the μ d = 0.1 static friction factors for μ s = 0.2
Enables delta t = 0.13 V into = 0.1 m/s V back = 0.2 m/s
2) choosing a hydraulic cylinder and determined the hydraulic cylinder size
By comparing the piston cylinder, piston cylinder, swinging cylinder and the use of the advantages and disadvantages, choose to use a single stem piston cylinder, use the formula to calculate the inner diameter of the hydraulic cylinder D, calculating the diameter of piston rod D, each work stage piston cylinder pressure P1, flow Q and power P. And map condition figure.
3) hydraulic transmission principle design
Develop hydraulic transmission principle chart, all kinds of circuit design, the design of a speed switch circuit including circuit, directional control circuit, fast motion loop.
4) hydraulic pump and other hydraulic auxiliary parts choice
①through the comparison of vane pump, piston pump, the advantages and disadvantages of the gear pump, choose to use single function variable pump blades. Calculation of vane pump pressure rated and the rated flow.
② determine the motor power.
③ choose control valves, the design of the hydraulic valves need to choose a throttle valve and relief valve, and three stone reversing valves, etc.
④the calculation tank has a capacity and inner diameter pipeline.
    As a wide application technology, hydraulic is a broad prospect in the future. Along with the development of computer, combination of the intelligent control technology, computer control technology and so on, hydraulic control system can play the role in more situations, can also be more delicate and flexibility to complete desired control task.
Key words: hydraulic transmission, hydraulic calculation, the hydraulic loading.