本科生畢業(yè)論文——淺談我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸問(wèn)題（附開(kāi)題報(bào)告）

摘　要

作為一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困人口脫貧和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)全面發(fā)展是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要目標(biāo)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我國(guó)在扶貧的道路上，從上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代就開(kāi)始大力發(fā)展小額信貸，并把小額信貸作為一種新的扶貧方式和金融創(chuàng)新工具，使其在扶貧領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。經(jīng)過(guò)我國(guó)和國(guó)外小額信貸近年的實(shí)踐證明，小額信貸在增加農(nóng)民收入，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等方面已取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。但是由于我國(guó)的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不充分，法律制度不完善，以及農(nóng)村金融體系本身存在缺陷等諸多原因，使得小額信貸在我國(guó)發(fā)展的并不理想，出現(xiàn)了很多問(wèn)題?？傮w來(lái)看，我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)展還很落后。農(nóng)民的資金需求還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能得到滿足。本文從這點(diǎn)出發(fā)分析了我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀，提出了適合我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸的發(fā)展建議，以促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。

關(guān)鍵詞：小額信貸；扶貧；金融機(jī)構(gòu)
 
Abstract

As a large agricultural country, the realization of Chinese rural poverty population shake off poverty and overall development of rural economy is an important target of China's economic development. In order to achieve this goal, China develop micro-credit and micro-finance on the road of poverty alleviation as a new way of poverty reduction and financial innovation tool in helping deficient up of our country from the nineties of the last century, which began to play an increasingly important role in the field of poverty alleviation.  The micro-credit and micro-finance practice of the country and abroad in recent years prove that micro-credit and micro-finance has made significant economic effects micro-credit in increasing the income of the farmers and promoting rural economic development has made a significant economic effect. Because of our country's market economy development is not sufficient, legal system is not perfect, and the rural financial system itself flawed and many other reasons, the development of micro-finance in China is not ideal, and has lots of problems. Overall, the development of our rural financial market is still lagging behind, and the financial needs of farmers can’t be satisfied. From the point of view of course and current situation of China's rural micro-finance development, this article puts forward proposals to fit the rural micro-finance development of our country, in order to promote the prosperity of rural economy.

Key Words: Micro-finance；Poverty alleviation；Financial institution

目 錄

引  言 1
一、農(nóng)村小額貸款理論概述 2
（一）國(guó)際小額信貸的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展 2
（二）小額信貸的理論 3
二、農(nóng)村小額信貸在我國(guó)的發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀及意義 4
（一）我國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展進(jìn)程 4
1．試點(diǎn)的初期階段（1994年年初—1996年) 4
2．項(xiàng)目的擴(kuò)展階段(1996年10月—2006年) 4
3．全面試行并推廣小額信貸活動(dòng)階段(2006年至今) 5
（二）我國(guó)農(nóng)村小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
1．政策性農(nóng)村小額信貸扶貧項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
2．農(nóng)村信用社農(nóng)村小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
3．小額貸款公司貸款業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 5
4．村鎮(zhèn)銀行等新型金融機(jī)構(gòu)農(nóng)村小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 6
（三）發(fā)展農(nóng)村小額信貸的意義 6
1．增加農(nóng)民收入 6
2．促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 7
三、制約我國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展的因素 7
（一）制約我國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展宏觀的因素 7
1．市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制問(wèn)題 7
2．政府的支持問(wèn)題 7
3．小額信貸組織面臨的法律法規(guī)問(wèn)題 8
（二）制約我國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展的微觀因素 8
1．小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)持續(xù)發(fā)展能力有待加強(qiáng) 8
2．貸款低利率帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題 9
3．小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)操作管理層面存在的問(wèn)題 9
四、發(fā)展我國(guó)小額信貸的對(duì)策建議 10
（一）發(fā)展我國(guó)小額信貸的宏觀建議 10
1．改變對(duì)小額儲(chǔ)貸認(rèn)識(shí)與定位 10
2．轉(zhuǎn)換政府在小額信貸發(fā)展中的職能 10
3．建立相應(yīng)的法律、法規(guī)和切實(shí)可行的監(jiān)管框架 11
（二）發(fā)展我國(guó)小額信貸的微觀建議 11
1．完善農(nóng)村金融體系，擴(kuò)大小額信貸運(yùn)載主體 11
2．允許小額信貸采取更加靈活的利率政策 11
3．加快業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新，提升小額信貸的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平 12
參考文獻(xiàn) 13
致  謝 14