數(shù)控機床改造-------外文翻譯.doc
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數(shù)控機床改造-------外文翻譯,firstnumerical control system development summary brief history and tendency in 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicat...


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First numerical control system development summary brief history and tendency
In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation.
After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development.
1.1 Numerical control (NC) stage (1952 ~ 1970)
The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit "to build" to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIRED NC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952 first generation of -- electron tube; 1959 second generation of -- transistor; 1965 third generation -- small scale integration electric circuit.
1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡史及趨勢
1946年誕生了世界上第一臺電子計算機,這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強和部分代替腦力勞動的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強體力勞動的工具相比,起了質(zhì)的飛躍,為人類進入信息社會奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
6年后,即在1952年,計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機床上,在美國誕生了第一臺數(shù)控機床。從此,傳統(tǒng)機床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個世紀(jì)以來,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個階段和六代的發(fā)展。
1.1 數(shù)控(NC)階段(1952~1970年)
早期計算機的運算速度低,對當(dāng)時的科學(xué)計算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大,但不能適應(yīng)機床實時控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺機床專用計算機作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng),被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控(HARD-WIRED NC),簡稱為數(shù)控(NC)。隨著元器件的發(fā)展,這個階段歷經(jīng)了三代,即1952年的第一代--電子管;1959年的第二代--晶體管;1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。
1.2 計算機數(shù)控(CNC)階段(1970年~現(xiàn)在)
到1970年,通用小型計算機業(yè)已出現(xiàn)并成批生產(chǎn)。于是將它移植過來作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的核心部件,從此進入了計算機數(shù)控(CNC)階段(把計算機前面應(yīng)有的"通用"兩個字省略了)。到1971年,美國INTEL公司在世界上第一次將計算機的兩個最核心的部件--運算器和控制器,采用大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)集成在一塊芯片上,稱之為微處理器(MICROPROCESSOR),又可稱為中央處理單元(簡稱CPU)。
到1974年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。這是因為小型計算機功能太強,控制一臺機床能力有富裕(故當(dāng)時曾用于控制多臺機床,稱之為群控),不如采用微處理器經(jīng)濟合理。而且當(dāng)時的小型機可靠性也不理想。早期的微處理器速度和功能雖還不夠高,但可以通過多處理器結(jié)構(gòu)來解決。由于微處理器是通用計算機的核心部件,故仍稱為計算機數(shù)控。
到了1990年,PC機的性能已發(fā)展到很高的階段,可以滿足作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)核心部件的要求。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)從此進入了基于PC的階段。
總之,計算機數(shù)控階段也經(jīng)歷了三代。即1970年的第四代--小型計算機;1974年的第五代--微處理器和1990年的第六代--基于PC(也就是為PC-BASED)。
In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially to replace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation.
After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the traditional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development.
1.1 Numerical control (NC) stage (1952 ~ 1970)
The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit "to build" to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIRED NC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952 first generation of -- electron tube; 1959 second generation of -- transistor; 1965 third generation -- small scale integration electric circuit.
1 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡史及趨勢
1946年誕生了世界上第一臺電子計算機,這表明人類創(chuàng)造了可增強和部分代替腦力勞動的工具。它與人類在農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)社會中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強體力勞動的工具相比,起了質(zhì)的飛躍,為人類進入信息社會奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
6年后,即在1952年,計算機技術(shù)應(yīng)用到了機床上,在美國誕生了第一臺數(shù)控機床。從此,傳統(tǒng)機床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。近半個世紀(jì)以來,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了兩個階段和六代的發(fā)展。
1.1 數(shù)控(NC)階段(1952~1970年)
早期計算機的運算速度低,對當(dāng)時的科學(xué)計算和數(shù)據(jù)處理影響還不大,但不能適應(yīng)機床實時控制的要求。人們不得不采用數(shù)字邏輯電路"搭"成一臺機床專用計算機作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng),被稱為硬件連接數(shù)控(HARD-WIRED NC),簡稱為數(shù)控(NC)。隨著元器件的發(fā)展,這個階段歷經(jīng)了三代,即1952年的第一代--電子管;1959年的第二代--晶體管;1965年的第三代--小規(guī)模集成電路。
1.2 計算機數(shù)控(CNC)階段(1970年~現(xiàn)在)
到1970年,通用小型計算機業(yè)已出現(xiàn)并成批生產(chǎn)。于是將它移植過來作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的核心部件,從此進入了計算機數(shù)控(CNC)階段(把計算機前面應(yīng)有的"通用"兩個字省略了)。到1971年,美國INTEL公司在世界上第一次將計算機的兩個最核心的部件--運算器和控制器,采用大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)集成在一塊芯片上,稱之為微處理器(MICROPROCESSOR),又可稱為中央處理單元(簡稱CPU)。
到1974年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。這是因為小型計算機功能太強,控制一臺機床能力有富裕(故當(dāng)時曾用于控制多臺機床,稱之為群控),不如采用微處理器經(jīng)濟合理。而且當(dāng)時的小型機可靠性也不理想。早期的微處理器速度和功能雖還不夠高,但可以通過多處理器結(jié)構(gòu)來解決。由于微處理器是通用計算機的核心部件,故仍稱為計算機數(shù)控。
到了1990年,PC機的性能已發(fā)展到很高的階段,可以滿足作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)核心部件的要求。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)從此進入了基于PC的階段。
總之,計算機數(shù)控階段也經(jīng)歷了三代。即1970年的第四代--小型計算機;1974年的第五代--微處理器和1990年的第六代--基于PC(也就是為PC-BASED)。